Luxury, Austerity and Equality in Sparta

Wees, Hans van

doi:10.1002/9781119072379.ch8

Cited by 4 publications

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“…The contraction of exceptional funerary display in the later sixth and fifth centuries may reflect wider tendencies toward frugality and a different notion of appropriate behavior (see above). We see this particularly clearly in Rome and also Sparta (Colonna 1977 ; van Wees 2017 ). As far as we can tell, this relaxed again in the fourth century, and we can ask if there might have been any structural incentives for economic growth or ideological limits.…”

Section: The Etruscan Economy: Institutional or Social?mentioning

confidence: 73%

The Etruscans: Setting New Agendas

Potts

Smith

2021

J Archaeol Res

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The Etruscans, who dominated central Italy for much of the first half of the first millennium BC, are ripe for new analysis: the quantity of data for their culture is now substantial, wide ranging, and qualifies for large-scale comparison. In this paper, we survey how research in the last decade has affected our understanding of settlements, of changing models of the transfer of ideas, and of Etruscan religious behavior, among other topics. We place them into complex spatial, architectural, and economic narratives to show that the interplay between microhistorical case studies and macrohistorical trends has now achieved what ought to be a paradigmatic status. Despite the continuous flow of specialist publications and an industry of exhibitions, however, the Etruscans have not broken through into mainstream archaeological awareness. We argue that this could be achieved if future research becomes more thematic and agenda driven and embraces comparative study.

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Section: The Etruscan Economy: Institutional or Social?mentioning

confidence: 73%

The Etruscans: Setting New Agendas

Potts

Smith

2021

J Archaeol Res

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“…There is a wide range of work dedicated to the phenomenon of Spartan artistic change, which has traditionally been linked to an increased cultural austerity at Sparta (e.g., Förtsch, 2001Förtsch, , 1998Fragkopoulou, 2011;Hodkinson, 1998aHodkinson, , 1998bHodkinson, , 2000van Wees, 2018avan Wees, , 2018b. For example, the decline in artistic capability seen in the later phases of the Spartan lead votives, and Wace's (1929) observations about the general decline in certain iconographic themes over time, suggest more that the Spartan lead votives went out of fashion after trying to adapt to changing religious and social needs, ultimately being replaced, though not directly, with more individualistic forms of dedication such as the dedicatory monument of Arexippos (Archaeological Museum of Sparta, no.…”

Section: Argumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spartan dependence on Laurion lead

Lloyd

2023

Archaeometry

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This article presents contextual evidence for the interpretation of lead isotope analysis (LIA) of artefacts from the Archaic Greek Mediterranean. In particular, I make a response to Wood’s suggestion in Archaeometry (2022, first view, ‘Other ways to examine the finances behind the birth of Classical Greece’) that the end of the production of lead votive figurines in Sparta might have been caused by Athenian restrictions to Laurion lead exports, drawing on new LIA of the Spartan lead votives and wider considerations concerning the trade, cost and volume of lead in the 7th to 5th century bce Mediterranean.

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“… 106 Seelentag (2015) 37–52; Whitley (2015); cf . van Wees (2017). Cretan austerity is not just detectable archaeologically; it was noted by other Greeks: Leukon fr .…”

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The Cretan way of war: status, violence and values from the Classical period to the Roman conquest

Lewis

2023

J. Hell. Stud.

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The tactics of Cretan citizen armies differed markedly from those utilized in most regions of the Classical and Hellenistic Greek world: instead of fighting in phalanxes, Cretans fought in open order, specializing in archery, skirmishing, ambushes and night actions. These tactics (and the cultural attitudes that went with them) were disparaged by mainland Greeks such as Polybios and explained in terms of moral deviancy: a sign of the duplicitous nature of the Cretans. This article demonstrates that these descriptions of Cretan tactics and behaviours are factual, but argues against the idea that they derive from moral deviancy. Rather, they represent the outcome of a different line of historical development than that followed in mainland Greece. Cretan tactics and attitudes stand far closer to those described by archaic poets (especially Homer, Archilochos and Kallinos); in this regard, Cretan city states displayed strong continuities with archaic social practices and values, detectable in other areas of Cretan society and culture. The stability of Cretan sociopolitical organization from the late seventh century down to the Roman conquest fostered the endurance of such practices and attitudes, leading to cultural divergence from mainland Greece and, accordingly, a generally hostile representation of Cretans in our main historiographical sources.

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Luxury, Austerity and Equality in Sparta

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

The Etruscans: Setting New Agendas

The Etruscans: Setting New Agendas

Spartan dependence on Laurion lead

The Cretan way of war: status, violence and values from the Classical period to the Roman conquest

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