Luto e fenomenologia: uma proposta compreensiva

Abstract

Luto e Fenomenologia: uma Proposta Compreensiva luto e fenomenoloGia: uma propoSta CompreenSiva Grief and Phenomenology: A Comprehensive ProposalDuelo y Fenomenología: Una Proposición Comprensiva joAnneLieSe de LucAS FReitAS resumo: O luto é compreendido pela literatura psicológica como uma reação frente a perdas significativas. Do ponto de vista existencial pode ser compreendido como uma vivência típica em situações de transformação abrupta nas formas de se dar do ser em uma relação eu-tu. O presente texto tem como objetivo apresentar uma compreensão descritiva de tais processos. Inicia-se com uma descrição de seu aspecto particular e possibilidades de interpretações psicológicas. Ao colocar a singularidade entre parênteses busca-se uma breve descrição do horizonte histórico de presentação da morte na atualidade e seus modos de aparição. Por fim, ao reduzir o histórico, apresenta-se uma descrição do luto como vivência que emerge de uma mudança abrupta em uma relação eu-tu com a supressão da corporeidade do tu. Uma vez que fenomenologicamente a subjetividade é revelada enquanto intersubjetividade, conclui-se que a ruptura de uma relação é, portanto, a ruptura de uma abertura ao e do mundo e de formas de ser-no-mundo do enlutado. O luto é, deste modo, uma vivência que aparece com uma forte exigência de ressignificação do mundo-da-vida, onde o que é perdido pelo enlutado não é apenas um ente querido, mas também formas próprias de ser-no-mundo. Palavras-chave: Luto; Morte; Fenomenologia. Abstract:In psychological literature grief is understood as a reaction to significant losses. From the existential perspective grief can be understood as a typical lived experience in situations of abrupt transformation in an I-Thou relationship. The preset text aims to present a comprehensive description of this process. It begins with a description of its particular aspects and its possibilities of psychological interpretations. By bracketing the singularity one aims a brief description of the historical horizon of death today and its way of appearing. Finally, when the historic background is reduced, it is presented a description of the grieving as an experience that emerges from an abrupt change in an I-Thou relationship with the deletion of the Thou´s corporeity presentation. Once that in phenomenology the subjectivity is revealed as intersubjectivity, it is concluded that the rupture of a relationship is, therefore, the rupture of an overture to the world and of the mourner´s ways of being-in-the-world. Mourning is, therefore, an experience with a strong need for a new meaning for the experienced world, where the mourner does not lose only a loved one, but also his own ways of being-in-the-world. Keywords: Mourning; Death; Phenomenology. resumen: El duelo es entendido por la literatura psicológica como una reacción a pérdidas significativas. Desde el punto de vista existencial, se puede entender como una típica experiencia en situaciones de transformación abrupta en la manera de se dar en una relación yo-tú. Este trabajo tiene...

Veiled Bereavement: The Experience of Lesbian Widows from an Existential-Phenomenological Perspective

“…(Broderick et al, 2008;Freitas et al, 2015;Hart, 2008;Kovács, 1992). After the death of a loved one, we lose both a person and a way of being that was experienced in the relationship, affecting the existential fi eld of the survivor (Freitas, 2013). In the words of Artemis, "I still feel her presence very strongly.…”

“…", "You'll soon fi nd somebody else!" As for the idea of recovery following bereavement, it is important to note that, as discussed by Freitas (2013), bereavement is not a period to be overcome, but rather, a period of resignifi cation of the relationship between the deceased and the bereaved. In the words of Freitas et al (2015), "Bereavement does not end: it changes its mode of presentation.…”

“…The death of a close friend or relative severs an emotional bond, changing the routine of the bereaved, their values and the meaning of their lives, often leading them to question their own existence (Freitas, 2013). Bereavement and grief have a disorganizing effect on the bereaved, and occur in different ways for each individual, without necessarily reaching an end (Broderick, Birbilis, & Steger, 2008;Hart, 2008;Kovács, 1992).…”

“…As a result, bereavement is not a generalizable process, since the bond between the bereaved and the deceased is unique, as are the causes and circumstances of death (Kovács, 1992). Culture is known to have an impact on the experience of bereavement (Bent & Magilvy, 2006;Freitas, 2013;Parkes, 1998). Death is a taboo subject in modern Western society, which avoids any discussion or refl ection on the end of life (Freitas, 2013).…”

“…According to Freitas (2013), existential-phenomenological psychology investigates the lived experience and meaning of the relationship which, for the bereaved, ended as a result of death, describing this situation as a phenomenon in itself. Phenomenology is concerned with the lived experience that arises from the intertwining of the being and the world, and as such, its focus in the study of bereavement is the relationship between the bereaved and the deceased (Freitas, Michel, & Zomkowski, 2015).…”