Luther Burbank: his methods and discoveries and their practical application.  Prepared from his original field notes covering more than 100,000 experiments made during forty years devoted to plant improvement, with the assistance of the Luther Burbank Society and its entire membership, under the editorial direction of John Whitson and Robert John and Henry Smith Williams

Burbank, Luther; John, R Sheela; Whitson, J. C.; Williams, Henry Smith

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.20414

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“…Through Burbank's annual catalog, new products were hawked with prices set by Burbank. For example, for his entire line of hybrid lilies (L. ·burbankii), the price was U.S. $250,000 or for individual ''very handsome, hardy ones'' U.S. $250 to U.S. $10,000 each (Burbank, 1914-15;Howard, 1945). Other flower cultivars also commanded high prices such as the seedling Giant amaryllis that sold for U.S. $1.55/bulb in 1909 (Burbank, 1909).…”

Section: Breeding and Marketing Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insourcing of germplasm on a global scale continued thereafter, allowing Table 1. A vast array of beauty: ornamental flower crops from Abutilon to Zinnia (common, scientific, and cultivar names) bred by Luther Burbank, year introduced, and origin/salient features (Burbank, 1914-15;Howard, 1945 (Burbank, 1914-15;Howard, 1945 (Burbank, 1914-15;Howard, 1945 (Burbank, 1914-15;Howard, 1945 Crinum americanum, C. amabile, C. asiatica Hybrids 1902Hybrids , 1906Hybrids , 1914Hybrids , 1927 Interspecific hybrids of complex ancestry (like his amaryllis or Hippeastrum) (Burbank, 1914-15;Howard, 1945 (Burbank, 1914-15;Howard, 1945 (Burbank, 1914-15;Howard, 1945 (Burbank, 1914-15;Howard, 1945 (Burbank, 1914-15;Howard, 1945 him to breed and select a vast array of beauty in ornamentals during his lifetime: 91 genera of flowers from Abutilon to Zinnia with nearly 1000 cultivars released to the industry (Table 1), which no competitor could equal and few-if any-individual breeder has done since. Even Claude Hope, a founder of PanAmerican Seed Company, bred numerous products, but not as many as Luther Burbank (Martinez, 1992).…”

Section: Breeding and Marketing Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, the subtitle to the volumes of his ''autobiography'' says that his discoveries were ''prepared from his original field notes covering more than 100,000 experiments.'' (Burbank, 1914-15). Although mass breeding does not require extensive record-keeping as, say pedigree breeding, nonetheless, accurate records enable future breeders working on a crop to remake crosses or continue pedigrees and breeding objectives (Allard, 1960).…”

Section: Burbankmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these errors continue to the present day with confusion over his hybrid rose introductions, 'Burbank' and 'Santa Rosa'. Both of these cultivars were derived from a cross between Rosa 'Bon Silene' and an 'Hermosa' seedling (Burbank, 1914-15) but they were both released by different companies or Burbank himself (Howard, 1945). Had records of phenotypic differences between the two seedlings existed, these could have cleared up the continuing confusion of these two cultivars.…”

Section: Burbankmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The novel, variegated leaves found in a seedling Acer negundo (Fig. 5), for instance, was viewed as an ancient trait now being expressed despite its rarity as ''the only hardy tree known that produces such beautiful variegated foliage'' (Burbank, 1914-15).…”

Section: Burbankmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Vast Array of Beauty: The Accomplishments of the Father of American Ornamental Breeding, Luther Burbank

Anderson

Olsen

2015

horts

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Luther Burbank (1849–1926) was a prolific ornamental plant breeder, who worked with 91 genera of ornamentals, from Abutilon to Zinnia, and released nearly 1000 cultivars to the industry. His innovative work included both herbaceous and woody plant materials as well as ornamental vegetables such as corn, tomatoes, and spineless cacti. His most popular ornamental release, the shasta daisy hybrids—first released in 1901, is still on the global market. This article focuses on Luther Burbank’s breeding techniques with ornamental plants and how both the germplasms that he developed and his methodologies used permeate modern flower breeding. Genera with the highest number of cultivars bred and released by Burbank include Amaryllis, Hippeastrum, and Crinum followed by Lilium, Hemerocallis, Watsonia, Papaver, Gladiolus, Dahlia, and Rosa. With Lilium, he pioneered breeding the North American native lily species, particularly those from the Pacific coastal region, producing the eponymous Lilium ×burbankii. Burbank’s breeding enterprise was designed to be self-sustaining based on profits from selling the entire product line of a new cultivar or crop only to wholesale firms, who then held exclusives for propagation and selling, although financial hardships necessitated selling retail occasionally. Entire lots of selected seedlings were sold to the highest bidder with Burbank setting the price in his annual catalogs such as the Burbank Hybrid Lilies lot for U.S. $250,000 or some of the “very handsome, hardy ones” for U.S. $250 to U.S. $10,000 each. Other flower cultivars also commanded high prices such as seedling Giant Amaryllis that sold for U.S. $1.55/bulb in 1909. Cacti were another area of emphasis (he released more than 63 cultivars) from the spineless fruiting and forage types (Opuntia ficus-indica, O. tuna, O. vulgaris) to flowering ornamentals such as O. basilaris, Cereus chilensis, and Echinopsis mulleri. Interest in cacti during 1909–15 rivaled the Dutch Tulip mania with exorbitant fees for a single “slab” of a cultivar, speculative investments, controversy with noted cacti specialists (particularly David Griffiths), and lawsuits by The Burbank Company. Although most cultivars have been lost, Burbank’s reputation as the Father of American Ornamental Breeding remains admirable from critics and devotees alike.

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Section: Breeding and Marketing Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Breeding and Marketing Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Burbankmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Burbankmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Burbankmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Vast Array of Beauty: The Accomplishments of the Father of American Ornamental Breeding, Luther Burbank

Anderson

Olsen

2015

horts

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Identification of “bottlenecks” in the systems of adaptability in peach cultivars to specific abiotic factors limiting plant growth and development and affecting individual phases of ontogenesis to develop optimal algorithms for further breeding

Dragavtseva

Dragavtsev

Kuznetsova

et al. 2021

Trudy po prikladnoy botanike, genetike i selektsii

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Modern breeding, especially when fruit plants cultivated for decades at the same location are concerned, requires a new strategy to develop cultivars resistant to abiotic limfactors of the environment. A more in-depth analysis of genotype–environment interaction phenomena is needed, as modern studies have shown that the level of plant productivity and yields is determined not by specific “genes of quantitative traits”, but mainly by the emergent (newly occurring when a lim-factor of the environment changes at the ontogenetic and phytocenotic levels) effects of the genotype–environment interaction (GEI). New knowledge is needed about the values of contributions to the productivity of a cultivar made by each of the genetic–physiological systems of plant adaptability (GPS-ad) when exposed to a particular lim-factor of the environment at a particular phase of ontogenesis. For the first time, aiming at finding promising peach genotypes for further breeding, we studied their adaptability to low temperatures in different horticulture zones of Krasnodar Territory.Shifts in the effects of low-temperature environmental stressors in the developmental phases of cultivars (produced by climate change) were analyzed in the time interval of 1985–2018.The presence of hereditary adaptive reserves for increasing peach productivity for each phase of development in the process of studying the phenomena of GEI was disclosed. Recommendations are given to breeders on phase-to-phase breeding of future cultivars: how to protect their production process at each developmental phase from negative effects of low temperatures.

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Cited by 2 publications

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A Vast Array of Beauty: The Accomplishments of the Father of American Ornamental Breeding, Luther Burbank

A Vast Array of Beauty: The Accomplishments of the Father of American Ornamental Breeding, Luther Burbank

Identification of “bottlenecks” in the systems of adaptability in peach cultivars to specific abiotic factors limiting plant growth and development and affecting individual phases of ontogenesis to develop optimal algorithms for further breeding

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