Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Neurons in Human Preoptic/Hypothalamus: Differential Intraneuronal Localization of Immunoreactive Forms*

King, Joan C.; Anthony, Edythe L. P.; Fitzgerald, Donna M.; Stopa, E. G.

doi:10.1210/jcem-60-1-88

Cited by 77 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…We have recently found that in the marmoset brain there are perikarya containing LHRH immunoreactivity within the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in addition to the medial preoptic area and mediobasal hypothalamus (20), the principal sites in other primates and Man (21,22). The neuroanatomical proximity between LHRH-and oxytocin-containing neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of this species (personal observation) is at least consistent with the modulatory role for oxytocin in gonadotrophin &lease indicated by the present study.…”

supporting

confidence: 66%

Central Oxytocin Stimulates Luteinizing Hormone Release in the Marmoset, a Primate which Fails to Show Lactationally‐lnduced Infertility

O’Byrne¹,

Lunn²,

Coen³

1990

J Neuroendocrinology

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In several species, including humans, suckling is known to suppress pulsatile gonadotrophin secretion and substantially reduce fertility (1). During suckling high titres of oxytocin are present in both plasma (2, 3) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (4) and there is some evidence that oxytocin is inhibitory to gonadotrophin secretion by an action on t h e central nervous system, (5, 6). The common marmoset, however, has a different physiological response and fails to show lactational infertility; ovarian cyclicity is resumed immediately postpartum (7). W e have therefore examined the effect of centrally administered oxytocin on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in this species.W e report that LH release was stimulated with a rapid :esponse and in a dose-dependent manner by oxytocin injected into t h e third cerebral ventricle. In contrast, oxytocin administered intravenously was without effect on LH secretion. These results clearly indicate, for the first time, a stimulatory role for oxytocin in LH secretion in the marmoset, a species which fails to demonstrate lactational infertility.Five sexually mature female marmosets were used. The animals weighed 250 to 410 g and full details of their management have t)een published previously (8). The monkeys were ovariectomized 0 to 56 months before the study, and a cannula was chronically implanted into the third cerebral ventricle at least 6 weeks before ilse. During the experiment the monkeys were placed in a primate Lhair (9) and serial blood samples (0.1 ml) were collected, through 'in indwelling jugular catheter as decribed previously (lo), at 5-to i0-min intervals for 1 h before and 1 h after administration of Oxytocin or vehicle. Three doses of oxytocin (5, 50 and 500 ng) \rere given in 3 pl artificial CSF by intracerebroventricular (icv) ~njection. (Composition of artificial CSF in g/l: NaCl 7.46; KCl @ 1990 Oxford University Press, 0953-8194/90 $3.00 0.19; CaCl 0.14; MgC1,6H20 0.19; NaHCO, 1.76; Na phosphate 0.18; glucose 0.16; pH 7.3). These doses of oxytocin were within the range previously shown by others to facilitate sexual receptivity in the rat (1 1, 12), an animal of comparable body weight. At least 2 weeks lapsed between treatments. In control experiments each monkey received an icv injection of 3 p1 artificial CSF. The effects of iv administration of oxytocin (200 pg in 0.2 ml isotonic saline) were also examined. All treatments were given in a randomized order. Plasma levels of LH were measured using the mouse leydig cell bioassay (1 3). The bioassay system was validated for use with marmoset plasma and the slope obtained for serial dilutions of plasma showed no significant deviation from parallelism with that seen for serial dilutions of macaque LH standard (Lunn SF, unpublished observation). Inter-and intraassay coefficients of variance were 15% and 11%, respectively. Differences in the mean plasma LH concentrations before (mean of samples taken between time 0 and 60min) and after (mean of samples taken between time 65 and 120 min) the treatments wer...

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supporting

confidence: 66%

Central Oxytocin Stimulates Luteinizing Hormone Release in the Marmoset, a Primate which Fails to Show Lactationally‐lnduced Infertility

O’Byrne¹,

Lunn²,

Coen³

1990

J Neuroendocrinology

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“…Although the distribution of LHRH-IR perikarya has been mapped in the human diencephalon with immunocytochemistry (Barry, 1976(Barry, , 1977Silverman et al, 1979Silverman et al, , 1994King and Anthony, 1984;King et al, 1985;Song et al, 1987;Abe et al, 1990;Stopa et al, 1991;Bloch et al, 1992) and in situ hybridization (Rance et al, 1994;Rance and Uswandi, 1996), a discrepancy was found between the numbers of cells immunoreactive for LHRH or expressing LHRH mRNA (Barry, 1976(Barry, , 1977King and Anthony, 1984;King et al, 1985;Abe et al, 1990;Stopa et al, 1991). The distributions of LHRH-IR and NPY-IR structures were therefore reexamined in adjacent sections and the observations were compared with findings published by others (Pelletier et al, 1984;Song et al, 1987;Ciofi et al, 1990;Corder et al, 1990;Stopa et al, 1991;Silverman et al, 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Topography and associations of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive neuronal systems in the human diencephalon

Dudás

Mihály²,

Merchenthaler³

2000

J. Comp. Neurol.

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Neuropeptide Y (NPY) potentiates the effect of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) on luteinizing hormone secretion in several species, including human. In addition to the pituitary sites, the interactions of the NPY and LHRH systems may involve diencephalic loci. However, the morphologic basis of this putative communication has not yet been elucidated in the human brain. To discover interaction sites, the distribution and connections of LHRH and NPY-immunoreactive (IR) neuronal elements in the human hypothalamus were investigated by means of light microscopic single- and double-label immunocytochemistry. NPY-IR perikarya and fibers were found to be widely distributed in the ventral diencephalon, with high densities in the preopticoseptal, periventricular, and tuberal regions. Small neuronal cell groups were infiltrated with a dense network of varicose NPY-IR fibers in the lateral preoptic area. The LHRH-IR perikarya were located mainly in the preopticoseptal region, diagonal band of Broca, lamina terminalis, and periventricular and infundibular nuclei. A few LHRH-IR neurons and fibers were scattered in the mamillary region. The overlap between the NPY and LHRH systems was apparent in the periventricular, paraventricular, and infundibular nuclei. Double-labeling immunohistochemistry showed NPY-IR axon varicosities in contact with LHRH-IR perikarya and main dendrites. The putative innervation of LHRH neurons by NPY-IR fibers was also seen in 1-microm-thick plastic sections and with confocal laser scanning microscope, thus further supporting the functional impact of NPY-IR terminals on LHRH-IR neurons. The present findings suggest that the hypophysiotropic LHRH-synthesizing neurons may be innervated by intrahypothalamic NPY-IR fibers. Confirmation by ultrastructural analysis would demonstrate that the LHRH system in the human hypothalamus is regulated by NPY, as has been demonstrated in nonhuman species.

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“…The anti-GnRH antibody used in these studies recognizes the intact GnRH molecule and is highly specific [6]. Furthermore, the GnRH precursor protein in the human placenta is identical to that of human and rat hypothalamus [1].…”

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confidence: 99%

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Like Immunoreactivity in Rat Placenta

Sarkar

1986

Neuroendocrinology

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The concentration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the placenta, maternal plasma and fetal hypothalamus was measured in rats during days 13–21 of gestation. A substantial amount of GnRH was detectable in the extract of placenta and maternal plasma samples collected between days 13 and 21 and in the extract of fetal hypothalamus collected between days 19 and 21 of pregnancy. The GnRH level in the placenta and fetal hypothalamus, but not in plasma, fluctuated significantly during pregnancy. The level of GnRH gradually decreased in the placenta but increased in the fetal hypothalamus as the pregnancy proceeded. After gel filtration of placental extract, GnRH eluted in the same position as synthetic GnRH and hypothalamic GnRH. Dilution of placental extracts produced a displacement curve parallel to that of GnRH and hypothalamic extracts. These results indicate that GnRH is present in the placenta and that placental GnRH may have a role in the maintenance of pregnancy in rats.

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Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Neurons in Human Preoptic/Hypothalamus: Differential Intraneuronal Localization of Immunoreactive Forms*

Cited by 77 publications

References 0 publications

Central Oxytocin Stimulates Luteinizing Hormone Release in the Marmoset, a Primate which Fails to Show Lactationally‐lnduced Infertility

Central Oxytocin Stimulates Luteinizing Hormone Release in the Marmoset, a Primate which Fails to Show Lactationally‐lnduced Infertility

Topography and associations of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive neuronal systems in the human diencephalon

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Like Immunoreactivity in Rat Placenta

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