Luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone synergy: A review of role in controlled ovarian hyper-stimulation

Raju, Gottumukkala Achyuta Rama; Chavan, Rahul B.; Deenadayal, Mamata; Gunasheela, Devika; Gutgutia, Rohit; Haripriya, Geetha; Govindarajan, Mirudhubashini; Patel, Nandish V.; Patki, Ameet

doi:10.4103/0974-1208.126285

Cited by 109 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Estrogen promotes granulosa cell growth and increases the number of FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors. FSH in turn regulates estrogen production by p450 aromatase, and LH synergizes with FSH to promote follicular growth and ovulation to maintain a normal rate of growing follicles [14]. Later stages of follicle development are regulated by activins and estradiol, further increasing the number of FSH receptors.…”

Section: Establishment and Overall Dynamics Of The Ovarian Reservementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the Ovarian Reserve and Impact of Genetic and Epidemiological Factors on Age of Menopause1

Pelosi

Simonsick

Forabosco³

et al. 2015

Biology of Reproduction

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The narrow standard age range of menopause, ∼50 yr, belies the complex balance of forces that govern the underlying formation and progressive loss of ovarian follicles (the "ovarian reserve" whose size determines the age of menopause). We show here the first quantitative graph of follicle numbers, distinguished from oocyte counts, across the reproductive lifespan, and review the current state of information about genetic and epidemiological risk factors in relation to possible preservation of reproductive capacity. In addition to structural X-chromosome changes, several genes involved in the process of follicle formation and/or maintenance are implicated in Mendelian inherited primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), with menopause before age 40. Furthermore, variants in a largely distinct cohort of reported genes-notably involved in pathways relevant to atresia, including DNA repair and cell death-have shown smaller but additive effects on the variation in timing of menopause in the normal range, early menopause (age <45), and POI. Epidemiological factors show effect sizes comparable to those of genetic factors, with smoking accounting for about 5% of the risk of early menopause, equivalent to the summed effect of the top 17 genetic variants. The identified genetic and epidemiological factors underline the importance of early detection of reproductive problems to enhance possible interventions.

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Section: Establishment and Overall Dynamics Of The Ovarian Reservementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the Ovarian Reserve and Impact of Genetic and Epidemiological Factors on Age of Menopause1

Pelosi

Simonsick

Forabosco³

et al. 2015

Biology of Reproduction

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“…At birth, the mammalian ovary contains numerous of primordial follicles, and these begin to undergo folliculogenesis during puberty and will eventually be ovulated or will degrade in a process known as atresia. The decision as to whether a follicle will develop or ovulate or undergo atresia is regulated by a variety of factors 2 3 4 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Robo1/2 regulate follicle atresia through manipulating granulosa cell apoptosis in mice

Zhang

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Secreted Slit proteins and their Roundabout (Robo) receptors act as a repulsive cue to preventaxons from migrating to inappropriate locations during the development of the nervous system. Slit/Robo has also been implicated in reproductive system development, but the molecular mechanism of the Slit/Robo pathway in the reproductive system remains poorly understood. Using a transgenic mouse model, we investigated the function of the Slit/Robo pathway on ovarian follicle development and atresia. We first demonstrated that more offspring were born to mice with a partial knockout of the Robo1/2 genes in mice. We next showed that Robo1 and Robo2 are strongly expressed in ovarian granulosacells. Apoptosis in granulosa cells was reduced when Robo1/2 were partially knocked out, and this observation was further verified by in vitro Robo1/2 knockout experiments in mouse and human granulosa cells. We also found that ovarian angiogenesis wasenhanced by a partial lack of Robo1/2 genes. In summary, our data suggest that the Slit/Robo pathway can impact follicle development and atresia by influencinggranulosa cell apoptosis.

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“…Thus, LH association to FSH during follicular development may promote a more physiologically environment, and can be a manner to improve oocyte maturation. Some authors observed that the presence of LH activity may have a positive effect on oocyte maturation (Selman et al, 2002;Pacchiarotti et al, 2007;Santi et al, 2017) and LH supplementation had been correlated to higher number of mature oocytes in COS protocols for anovulatory patients (Burgués & Spanish Collaborative Group on Female Hypogonadotrophic, 2001; Raju et al, 2013) or patients with poor ovarian response (Papaleo et al, 2014).…”

Section: Clinical Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immature oocyte incidence: Contributing factors and effects on mature sibling oocytes in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles

Braga

Zanetti

Setti

et al. 2019

JBRA Assisted Reproduction

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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate which factors contribute to the incidence of immature oocytes (germinal vesicle-GV-and metaphase I-MI-) and how they impact the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes of sibling mature oocytes. Methods: Data from 3,920 cycles performed from June/2010 to August/2016 in a private university-affiliated IVF center were evaluated for the influence of controlled ovarian stimulation protocol (COS) on immature oocytes incidence and its effects on ICSI outcomes. Results: MI (p=0.004) and GV (p=0.029) number were negatively correlated with gonadotropin dose. Patients stimulated by rFSH had increased GV/oocyte rate in both GnRH agonists (p<0.001) and antagonist (p=0.042) protocols, in comparison to rFSH associated with rLH protocol. MI and GV/oocyte rates were negatively correlated to fertilization (p<0.001), high-quality embryo on da p<0.001; GV/oocyte p=0.033) and pregnancy (MI/oocyte p=0.002; GV/oocyte p=0.013) rates. Cycles above a 10.5% MI/oocyte cutoff were correlated to higher response to ovarian stimulation, poor embryo development and almost two times lower pregnancy rate. Immature oocyte incidence is affected by COS and impacts on ICSI outcomes. Conclusion: Our evidence suggests that oocytes derived from a cohort with high incidence of maturation fail may have detrimental clinical outcomes.

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Luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone synergy: A review of role in controlled ovarian hyper-stimulation

Cited by 109 publications

References 58 publications

Dynamics of the Ovarian Reserve and Impact of Genetic and Epidemiological Factors on Age of Menopause1

Dynamics of the Ovarian Reserve and Impact of Genetic and Epidemiological Factors on Age of Menopause1

Robo1/2 regulate follicle atresia through manipulating granulosa cell apoptosis in mice

Immature oocyte incidence: Contributing factors and effects on mature sibling oocytes in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles

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