Luteinization of the Ovarian Theca in Infants and Children

Kraus, Frederick T.; Neubecker, Robert D.

doi:10.1093/ajcp/37.4.389

Cited by 39 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…These results, together with the observations of previous workers who demonDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy (Received 14 May 1968) strated that the morphological (Kraus & Neubecker, 1962) and functional (Frasier & Horton, 1966;Preeyasombat & Kenny, 1966;Knorr, 1967) maturity of young human gonads tends to increase with age, suggest that the pituitary-gonadal system operates also in prepubertal subjects.…”

supporting

confidence: 64%

Luteinizing Hormone in the Urine of Prepubertal Children

Sciarra¹,

Leone²,

Pastorino³

1968

Journal of Endocrinology

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Few and conflicting reports have so far been published on the urinary excretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in childhood (for reference, see Leone & Sciarra (1966 a) and Rifkind, Kulin & Ross (1967). Further investigation seemed therefore indicated.The daily excretion of LH was determined semiquantitatively in 24 normal, healthy and non-hospitalized prepubertal children (12 boys and 12 girls), aged 5\p=n-\10 yr. A complete 48 hr. urine specimen (1000\p=n-\2000 ml.) was collected from every subject without the use of a preservative and stored in a cold room at 4\ s=deg\ .Within 3 days of the urine collection, each sample was extracted by Johnsen's tannic acid method (1958) but using, as a rule, the highest concentrations of reagents suggested by the Danish author. Twenty-four hours before assay, the dry precipitates were ground to fine powder and redissolved in a 0\m=.\9% NaCl solution. As described by Sciarra, Pastorino & Leone (1968) the powders proved so soluble that they could be dissolved in very small amounts of saline 0\m=.\5\p=n-\ml.); consequently, urinary LH was concentrated up to 1000-4000 times with a 67 + 5 % recovery rate. After centrifugation, the supernatants were serially diluted with intervals of 1:1-5. LH was assayed by the immunological method of Wide & Gemzell (1962) but using the reagents of the Pregnosticon Test (Organon), the sensitivity of which was previously established at 1-6 i.u. LH (2nd IRP-HMG)/ml. (Leone & Sciarra, 1966&). The excre¬ tion results were corrected for the 33 % mean methodological loss by tannic acid extraction.In order to evaluate the results, reliability criteria for the method and regression of LH excretion on age for both males and females, with 95 % confidence limits, were calculated. Tests for deviation from parallelism were carried out. The accuracy of the method was in the region of 100 % ; its precision was high (mean = 0-12, range 0-08 to 0-15); its sensitivity was in the range of 0-6-1-2 i.u. LH/24 hr. urine vol. With regard to specificity, the test failed with several urinary extracts from two hypophysectomized young women; virtually no LH activity could be detected in the same extracts by the ventral prostate weight method as modified by McArthur (1952). However, the results were positive in pregnant women. Figure 1 shows that LH was detected in all the children investigated ; the mean urinary hormone level in boys was 2-9/i.u. LH/24 hr. (range 1-2-5-4) and 2-8 i.u./ 24 hr. in girls (range 0-6-5-4); it increased with age in both sexes and more rapidly in females than in males.These results, together with the observations of previous workers who demon-

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supporting

confidence: 64%

Luteinizing Hormone in the Urine of Prepubertal Children

Sciarra¹,

Leone²,

Pastorino³

1968

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…The aetiology of premature thelarche has been variously attributed to increased sensitivity of breast tissue to low levels of oestrogens secreted during childhood19 20 or to increased ovarian oestrogen secretion.2' 22 To support the theory that it is due to increased ovarian oestrogen secretion, high levels of serum oestradiol have been found by some investigators4 8 and these have been attributed to increased gonadotrophins.5 Graafian follicles of the ovary have been noted in the newborn and young infant, and it was suggested that they were the source of the oestrogen.23 24 The follicles are thought to be the result of increased concentrations of gonadotrophin since birth.5 6 Others have proposed that there is an increase in the biologically active oestrogen because the unbound fraction is increased in the presence of normal total serum oestrogen. The increase in free oestradiol would result from a presumed decrease in sex hormone-binding globulin.9 Urinary-free oestradiol excretion has not been measured and this might be of interest in further studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premature thelarche: a possible adrenal disorder.

Dumić¹,

Tajić²,

Mardesić³

et al. 1982

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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SUMMARY Endocrine studies in girls with precocious thelarche were compared with those of normal girls of similar ages. Girls with precocious thelarche showed breast development and oestrogenised vaginal smears as the only signs of precocious sexual development. A few of the girls were tall and some had advanced bone ages but these two findings were not consistently present in the same patient. Hormones-such as serum oestradiol, oestrone, A 4-androstenedione, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, and prolactin, and urinary 17-ketosteroids-were measured. Only DHEA was different, being higher in girls with precocious thelarche. It is suggested that the high DHEA level may serve as a precursor for conversion to oestrogens in the target tissues, breast, and vagina. This mechanism for oestrogenisation has been reported in other patients.

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“…At the development of the reproductive system, typically one or two antral follicles of 1-2 mm in diameter are present in the ovary by term, at which time the number of small preantral follicles is at its peak (2)(3)(4). The ovaries of normal girls have up to five antral follicles 4-9 mm in diameter in mid-childhood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%