Lutein and Zeaxanthin and Their Roles in Age-Related Macular Degeneration—Neurodegenerative Disease

Mrowicka, Małgorzata; Mrowicki, Jerzy; Kucharska, Ewa; Majsterek, Ireneusz

doi:10.3390/nu14040827

Cited by 92 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…For example, it contains small amounts of the xanthophyll carotenoids, lutein, and zeaxanthin, which are known to concentrate in the back of the eye, specifically in the macula and fovea [ 268 ]. Research suggests that these plant compounds may help protect the eyes by absorbing harmful blue light [ 268 , 269 ]. Therefore, not only does phytomelatonin supply the bio-identical melatonin to help with circadian rhythm imbalance at night, but it also adds to the photoprotective compounds for the eye to shield against blue light, making for a complete multi-functional approach.…”

Section: Therapeutic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Melatonin the “Next Vitamin D”?: A Review of Emerging Science, Clinical Uses, Safety, and Dietary Supplements

Minich

Henning²,

Darley

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Melatonin has become a popular dietary supplement, most known as a chronobiotic, and for establishing healthy sleep. Research over the last decade into cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, fertility, PCOS, and many other conditions, combined with the COVID-19 pandemic, has led to greater awareness of melatonin because of its ability to act as a potent antioxidant, immune-active agent, and mitochondrial regulator. There are distinct similarities between melatonin and vitamin D in the depth and breadth of their impact on health. Both act as hormones, affect multiple systems through their immune-modulating, anti-inflammatory functions, are found in the skin, and are responsive to sunlight and darkness. In fact, there may be similarities between the widespread concern about vitamin D deficiency as a “sunlight deficiency” and reduced melatonin secretion as a result of “darkness deficiency” from overexposure to artificial blue light. The trend toward greater use of melatonin supplements has resulted in concern about its safety, especially higher doses, long-term use, and application in certain populations (e.g., children). This review aims to evaluate the recent data on melatonin’s mechanisms, its clinical uses beyond sleep, safety concerns, and a thorough summary of therapeutic considerations concerning dietary supplementation, including the different formats available (animal, synthetic, and phytomelatonin), dosing, timing, contraindications, and nutrient combinations.

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Section: Therapeutic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Melatonin the “Next Vitamin D”?: A Review of Emerging Science, Clinical Uses, Safety, and Dietary Supplements

Minich

Henning²,

Darley

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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show abstract

“…Its activity was found to alter the electroretinographic ON and OFF responses or to delay photoreceptor degeneration [19,[68][69][70]. To what extent do lutein-mediated changes in magnitude, gating kinetics and Hys (V) behavior of I h presented herein engage in lutein-mediated action on age-related diseases (e.g., macular degeneration or retinitis pigmentosa) [8,19,[71][72][73][74] still needs to be further delineated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Inhibitory Capability on Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Current Caused by Lutein (β,ε-Carotene-3,3′-Diol), a Dietary Xanthophyll Carotenoid

Chuang

Chang

Cho

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Lutein (β,ε-carotene-3,3′-diol), a xanthophyll carotenoid, is found in high concentrations in the macula of the human retina. It has been recognized to exert potential effectiveness in antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. However, whether and how its modifications on varying types of plasmalemmal ionic currents occur in electrically excitable cells remain incompletely answered. The current hypothesis is that lutein produces any direct adjustments on ionic currents (e.g., hyperpolarization-activated cation current, Ih [or funny current, If]). In the present study, GH3-cell exposure to lutein resulted in a time-, state- and concentration-dependent reduction in Ih amplitude with an IC50 value of 4.1 μM. There was a hyperpolarizing shift along the voltage axis in the steady-state activation curve of Ih in the presence of this compound, despite being void of changes in the gating charge of the curve. Under continued exposure to lutein (3 μM), further addition of oxaliplatin (10 μM) or ivabradine (3 μM) could be effective at either reversing or further decreasing lutein-induced suppression of hyperpolarization-evoked Ih, respectively. The voltage-dependent anti-clockwise hysteresis of Ih responding to long-lasting inverted isosceles-triangular ramp concentration-dependently became diminished by adding this compound. However, the addition of 10 μM lutein caused a mild but significant suppression in the amplitude of erg-mediated or A-type K+ currents. Under current-clamp potential recordings, the sag potential evoked by long-lasting hyperpolarizing current stimulus was reduced under cell exposure to lutein. Altogether, findings from the current observations enabled us to reflect that during cell exposure to lutein used at pharmacologically achievable concentrations, lutein-perturbed inhibition of Ih would be an ionic mechanism underlying its changes in membrane excitability.

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“…We demonstrate that BmCBP efficiently takes up and shuttles different carotenoid types to the lipid membranes and photoactive carotenoprotein OCP – a promising optogenetic tool 45 and intracellular thermosensor 39 . The carotenoids transferred by BmCBP are of paramount importance to human health 46 , and the BmCBP-carotenoid complexes show the potential for stimulating growth of model fibroblasts. Cost-effective and easily scalable enrichment by recombinant BmCBP apoprotein of the carotenoid fraction from various crude herbal extracts is attractive for biotechnological processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocontainer derived from silkworm carotenoprotein for carotenoid extraction and presentation in biotechnology and biomedical applications

Sluchanko

Slonimskiy

Egorkin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Found in many organisms, soluble carotenoproteins are considered as antioxidant nanocarriers for biomedical applications, although the structural basis for their carotenoid transfer function, a prerequisite for rational bioengineering, is largely unknown. We report crystal structures of the Carotenoid-Binding Protein from Bombyx mori (BmCBP) in apo- and zeaxanthin (ZEA)-bound forms. We use spectroscopy and calorimetry to characterize how ZEA and BmCBP mutually affect each other in the complex, identify key carotenoid-binding residues, confirm their roles by crystallography and carotenoid-binding capacity of BmCBP mutants and reconstitute BmCBP complexes with biomedically-relevant xanthophylls lutein, zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin. By cost-effectively and scalably solubilizing xanthophylls from various crude herbal extracts, His-tagged BmCBP remains monomeric and forms a dynamic nanocontainer delivering carotenoids to liposomes and to other carotenoid-binding proteins, which in particular makes the Orange Carotenoid Protein, a promising optogenetic tool, photoactive. Furthermore, BmCBP(ZEA) administration stimulates fibroblast growth, which paves the way for its biomedical applications.

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Lutein and Zeaxanthin and Their Roles in Age-Related Macular Degeneration—Neurodegenerative Disease

Cited by 92 publications

References 93 publications

Is Melatonin the “Next Vitamin D”?: A Review of Emerging Science, Clinical Uses, Safety, and Dietary Supplements

Is Melatonin the “Next Vitamin D”?: A Review of Emerging Science, Clinical Uses, Safety, and Dietary Supplements

Characterization of Inhibitory Capability on Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Current Caused by Lutein (β,ε-Carotene-3,3′-Diol), a Dietary Xanthophyll Carotenoid

Nanocontainer derived from silkworm carotenoprotein for carotenoid extraction and presentation in biotechnology and biomedical applications

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