Lutein and Preterm Infants With Decreased Concentrations of Brain Carotenoids

Vishwanathan, Rohini; Kuchan, Matthew J.; Sen, Sarbattama; Johnson, Elizabeth J.

doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000000389

Cited by 148 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…With regards to the level of carotenoids in the brain, there was an interesting study by Vishwanathan et al (2014b) that provided the first data on the distribution of carotenoids in the infant brain and compare concentrations in preterm and term infant. The study was done on pre-existing voluntarily donated samples that were obtained from a federally-funded brain tissue bank.…”

Section: The Role Of Lutein On Infant Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, there are many evidences of the role of DHA on the retina and on the brain at molecular and signaling levels (Bazan et al, 2011). Despite this, there are two differences: on the one hand, there is always some DHA in tissues however it was reported that a few infants had no detectable levels of carotenoids (Vishwanathan et al, 2014b). On the other hand, DHA can be synthetized from alpha-linolenic acid while lutein can not be synthetized and must be taken with the diet.…”

Section: Conclusion and Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the more than 750 carotenoids in nature, there are only about 40 present in the typical human diet, of which only 20 are found in blood, and from all of them only two accumulate specifically in the retina (Widomska and Subczynski, 2014) and just five in the brain Vishwanathan et al, 2014b). There seems to be a bioselection process of carotenoids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Why lutein is important for the eye and the brain

Ramírez

2015

OCL

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-Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids that accumulate in the macula. The macula is a yellow spot near the center of the retina that is responsible of high resolution vision. Macular pigment acts as a natural blue light filter and protects the eye from damage. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) increases with lutein administration and is related to visual function and to the prevention of age-related macular degeneration. MOPD can be measured noninvasively and has been related to better cognitive performance. Moreover, compositional analyses of centenarian brains have shown that lutein is the main carotenoid in the brain although not in plasma, indicating a preferential accumulation in neural tissues, and that carotenoids status is correlated with some functional outcomes. Carotenoids are present in human milk with higher concentration in colostrum than in transitional and mature milk. Formula fed-infants have less plasma lutein concentration than breast fed infants. Analyses of brain from infants who died during the first year of life showed that lutein is also the predominant carotenoid of brain. Studies in non-human primates revealed that carotenoids are determinant in the formation of the retinal epithelia. In vitro studies showed that lutein stimulates the differentiation of human stem cells to neural progenitor cells. All this findings together, mostly the presence of lutein in breast milk, plasma concentration in breast-fed infants vs. formula fed infants, preferential accumulation in the brain and evidences of influence on the retina and the functionality of the brain signal the importance of the role of lutein and zeaxanthin on visual maturation and brain development.Keywords: Lutein / zeaxanthin / brain / infant / nutrition Résumé -Importance de la lutéine pour l'oeil et le cerveau. La lutéine et la zéaxanthine sont des caroténoïdes qui s'accumulent dans la macula. La macula est une tache jaune, située près du centre de la rétine, qui est responsable de la vision fine. Le pigment maculaire agit comme un filtre naturel de la lumière bleue nocive et protège l'oeil contre d'éventuels dommages. La densité optique du pigment maculaire (ou MPOD, acronyme de Macular pigment optical density) augmente avec l'administration de lutéine et est liée à la qualité de la fonction visuelle et à la prévention de la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l'âge. La MOPD peut être mesurée de manière non invasive et a été associée à de meilleures performances cognitives. En outre, les analyses de composition de cerveaux de centenaires ont montré que la lutéine est le caroténoïde principal du cerveau mais pas du plasma, ce qui indique une accumulation préférentielle dans les tissus neuronaux et que le statut en caroténoïdes est corrélé avec quelques données fonctionnelles. Les caroténoïdes sont présents dans le lait maternel avec une concentration plus élevée dans le colostrum que dans lait de transition ou mature. Les enfants nourris avec des formules infantiles (végétales) présentent des diminutions de concentrations...

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Section: The Role Of Lutein On Infant Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conclusion and Final Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Why lutein is important for the eye and the brain

Ramírez

2015

OCL

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“…Carotenoids play extremely important roles in maintaining normal physiological activities and against stress conditions in algae [5]. Carotenoids can serve as a light-absorbing molecule to absorb light wavelength at 400-500 nm, where chlorophyll has a weak absorption there [6,7]. Exception for that, in algae cell, carotenoids also participate in the synthesis of some protein complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Imaging of the Distribution of Carotenoids in Haematococcus Pluvialis Under High Concentration of Sodium Chloride

Yang¹,

Qian²

2018

dtbh

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Abstract. Carotenoids have important implications for maintaining normal cell activity, antioxidant and photosynthesis. Under some extremely hard conditions, the algae cells will produce a large number of carotenoids to resist the stress. The mechanism of algae cell emergency response has attracted a lot of attention. Here, Raman spectroscopy was applied to study the distribution of carotenoids in living algae cells under high concentration of sodium chloride. Multivariate analysis (MCR) was also used to resolve the corresponding Raman spectra of different carotenoids. By MCR analysis, we succeeded in distinguishing the distribution of different pigment cells. This method of analysis can be widely used in the study of mechanism of cellular stress response.

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“…In a unique study using cadaveric brain samples, Vishwanathan et al demonstrated that lutein was the predominant carotenoid in the infant brain, specifically in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, auditory cortex, and occipital cortex, during the first year of life [15]. Another study conducted by Wang et al indicates that lutein directs differentiation of cultured human stem cells into neural progenitor cells [16].…”

Section: Vitamin a In The Neonatementioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin A and Related Compounds in the Prenatal and Postnatal States: A MaternalNeonate Focused Review

Wu¹,

Anderson‐Berry²,

Hanson³

2017

J Clin Nutr Diet

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Background: It is generally accepted that vitamin A is critical to fetal and infant development. However, vitamin A has many related compounds, including lutein, carotenes, and lycopene, and recent evidence has shown they may also be important in maternal-infant health. Much less is known about the impact of vitamin A related compounds on maternal and newborn outcomes. Methods:The following article presents a review of maternal vitamin A and related compounds on the fetus and newborn, particularly in the brain and retina. Dietary intake and supplementation will be examined in their relationship to breast milk and formula levels of vitamin A and related compounds. Finally, deficiencies in developed and developing countries are discussed.Results: Vitamin A related compounds, such as lycopene, carotenes, and lutein, may impact maternal-infant outcomes independent of retinol status. High-risk groups, including preterm infants, have been shown to be particularly susceptible. Studies also show that vitamin A deficiency remains a problem in developing nations and may be a concern in disadvantaged populations in developed nations. Conclusion:This review indicates a need to better understand the influence of maternal vitamin A and related compounds in order to improve interventions to maintain homeostatic levels in mothers and neonates.

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Lutein and Preterm Infants With Decreased Concentrations of Brain Carotenoids

Abstract: These data reveal preferential accumulation and maintenance of lutein in the infant brain despite underrepresentation in the typical infant diet. Further investigation on the impact of lutein on neural development in preterm infants is warranted.

Cited by 148 publications

References 34 publications

Why lutein is important for the eye and the brain

Why lutein is important for the eye and the brain

Raman Imaging of the Distribution of Carotenoids in Haematococcus Pluvialis Under High Concentration of Sodium Chloride

Vitamin A and Related Compounds in the Prenatal and Postnatal States: A MaternalNeonate Focused Review

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