Lure and infect strategy for application of entomopathogenic fungus for the control of bean flower thrips in cowpea

Mfuti, David K.; Niassy, Saliou; Subramanian, Sevgan; Plessis, Hannalene du; Ekesi, Sunday; Maniania, Nguya K.

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2017.01.011

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Behavioral responses observed in the present study need to be further tested using other geographically distinct populations of M. sjostedti . The potential to enhance the attraction of both male and female thrips offers potential for the use of the aggregation pheromone as part of integrated pest management monitoring (Kirk 2017 ), mass-trapping (Sampson and Kirk 2013 ) or “lure and infect” (Mfuti et al 2017 ). Further studies are being undertaken to test the effectiveness of the synthetic compounds under field conditions as well as to identify the most effective release rates and blends.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., is widely grown in sub-Saharan Africa for human consumption, as a source of income and livestock feed. The bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is one of the major limitations of cowpea production in Africa, causing 21–83% yield loss due to flower abortion and reduction in quality (Alao et al 2011 ; Mfuti et al 2017 ; Tamò et al 2002 ). Most smallholder farmers in the region cannot afford and/or get easy access to pesticides (Jackai and Adalla 1997 ), while other farmers spray frequently (Abtew et al 2016 ), potentially leading to high pesticide residues (Akoto et al 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone of the Bean Flower Thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

et al. 2019

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Aggregation of the bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), has been observed on cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. To understand the mechanism underpinning this behavior, we studied the responses of M. sjostedti to headspace volatiles from conspecifics in a four-arm olfactometer. Both male and female M. sjostedti were attracted to male, but not to female odor. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses revealed the presence of two distinct compounds in male M. sjostedti headspace, namely ( R )-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate (major compound) and ( R )-lavandulol (minor compound); by contrast, both compounds were only present in trace amounts in female headspace collections. A behavioral assay using synthetic compounds showed that male M. sjostedti was attracted to both ( R )-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate and ( R )-lavandulol, while females responded only to ( R )-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate. This is the first report of a male-produced aggregation pheromone in the genus Megalurothrips . The bean flower thrips is the primary pest of cowpea, which is widely grown in sub-Saharan Africa. The attraction of male and female M. sjostedti to these compounds offers an opportunity to develop ecologically sustainable management methods for M. sjostedti in Africa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone of the Bean Flower Thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

et al. 2019

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“…Insecticide application is the predominant means of controlling this pest on cowpea. However, several alternative control measures including cultural practices (Ekesi, Maniania, & Ampong-Nyarko, 1999), biological control (Ekesi & Maniania, 2000;Mfuti et al, 2017;Tamò, Ekesi, Maniania, & Cherry, 2003) and the use of bio-pesticides such as neem extract (Badii, Nuamah, Braimah, & Awuku, 2016) have been explored to control this insect. Host plant resistance appears to be the most economical and environmentally friendly way to reduce thrips damage to cowpea.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of cowpea mini core accessions for resistance to flower bud thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Togola

Boukar

Chamarthi

et al. 2019

J Applied Entomology

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The flower bud thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is an economically important pest of cowpea in sub‐Saharan Africa. Varietal resistance is the most preferred, environmentally friendly, cost‐effective and sustainable option for controlling this pest. The objective of this study was to identify sources of resistance to M. sjostedti among mini core accessions from the largest world cowpea germplasm collection maintained at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). The study was conducted during the 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons where 365 accessions were screened under field conditions. Each accession was rated visually for thrips damage score, flower abortion rate, number of pods per plant and number of thrips per flower. The resistance levels observed in genotypes TVu8631, TVu16368, TVu8671 and TVu7325 were similar to that of the resistant check “Sanzisabinli” (called Sanzi) during both seasons. In addition, 56 mini core genotypes showed moderate resistance to thrips damage. High heritability values were associated with thrips damage scores at 65 days after planting (0.60), percentage of effective peduncles (0.59), flower bud abortion rate (0.59), number of pods per plant (0.51) and number of peduncles with pods (0.5). The accessions identified with good levels of resistance to flower bud thrips will be used in cowpea breeding programs to develop improved resistant varieties.

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“…Similarly, understanding of thrips attraction to kairomones and its impact on the distribution of thrips resulted in the development of a ‘lure and infect’ spot‐spray application technique for M. anisopliae in cowpea. Spot spray application of M. anisopliae was effective as a cover spray application, and could result in greater profits due to the reduced labor and fungal inoculum requirement . Approaches such as ‘auto‐inoculation’ of biopesticides in combination with insect attractants can aid in mitigating pest outbreaks and protecting the fungal inoculum in the field.…”

Section: Entomopathogenic Fungi In Pest Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spot spray application of M. anisopliae was effective as a cover spray application, and could result in greater profits due to the reduced labor and fungal inoculum requirement. 88 Approaches such as 'auto-inoculation' of biopesticides in combination with insect attractants can aid in mitigating pest outbreaks and protecting the fungal inoculum in the field. Such strategies are being developed for the management of leafminers, 82 thrips 102 and fruit flies.…”

Section: Integrating Entomopathogenic Fungi As a Component In Sustainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopesticide based sustainable pest management for safer production of vegetable legumes and brassicas in Asia and Africa

Srinivasan

Subramanian

Ekesi

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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Vegetables are one of the important crops which could alleviate poverty and malnutrition among the smallholder farmers in tropical Asia and Africa. However, a plethora of pests limit the productivity of these crops, leading to economic losses. Vegetable producers overwhelmingly rely on chemical pesticides in order to reduce pest‐caused economic losses. However, over‐reliance on chemical pesticides poses serious threats to human and environmental health. Hence, biopesticides offer a viable alternative to chemical pesticides in sustainable pest management programs. Baculoviruses such as nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) and granulovirus (GV) have been exploited as successful biological pesticides in agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Maruca vitrata multiple nucleocapsid NPV (MaviMNPV) was found to be a unique baculovirus specifically infecting pod borer on food legumes, and it has been successfully developed as a biopesticide in Asia and Africa. Entomopathogenic fungi also offer sustainable pest management options. Several strains of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana have been tested and developed as biopesticides in Asia and Africa. This review specifically focuses on the discovery and development of entomopathogenic virus and fungi‐based biopesticides against major pests of vegetable legumes and brassicas in Asia and Africa. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Lure and infect strategy for application of entomopathogenic fungus for the control of bean flower thrips in cowpea

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Characterization of Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone of the Bean Flower Thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Characterization of Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone of the Bean Flower Thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Evaluation of cowpea mini core accessions for resistance to flower bud thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Biopesticide based sustainable pest management for safer production of vegetable legumes and brassicas in Asia and Africa

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