Lung ultrasound for detecting pneumothorax in injured children: preliminary experience at a community-based Level II pediatric trauma center

Metachronous recurrent pediatric primary spontaneous pneumothorax: A case presentation and literature review

“…Female preponderance appearing under age 8 years is reported by many researchers [ [2] , [3] , [4] ]. Pediatric PSP which occurs without a family history as in the majority (90%) of cases is named as Sporadic Pneumothorax [ 1 , [2] , [3] , [4] , 5 ].…”

“…Lopez et al identified blebs/bullae intra-operatively in 98% of the cases [ 3 ], mainly in apices of upper lobes. No exact genetic abnormality identified in PSP cases but some genetic studies of sporadic pneumothorax cohorts have focused on mutation in the folliculin (FLCN) gene that has been mapped to the short arm of chromosome 17 which is the same gene for Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome [ 5 , 6 ].…”

“…Metachronous contralateral recurrence of PSP in children is not widely reported in the current literature, most of the management guidelines for such as recurrence still following adult consensuses for treatment [ [3] , [4] , [5] ]. The Association of recurrence and menarche in female children is not thoroughly discussed in the literature.…”

“…In pediatric patients sizing of pneumothorax compared to the size of the whole chest could be used [ 5 , 7 ]. Chest ultrasound (US) is an effective modality for the diagnosis of pneumothorax in pediatric age.…”

“…Chest ultrasound (US) is an effective modality for the diagnosis of pneumothorax in pediatric age. Vasques et al showed 45.5% sensitivity, 98.6% specificity, and 96.0% accuracy in the skilled operator's hands and the pneumothoraces that were not detected were small and asymptomatic [ 5 ]. Though US of the chest has the sensitivity and specificity of chest ultrasound is 95% and 100%, respectively in adults but there is no guideline regarding pediatric age [ 5 , 7 ].…”