Lung scar cancers

Lung cancer risk and cigarette smoking, lung tuberculosis according to histologic type and gender in a population based case–control study

“…Previous papers presented that incidence of lung cancer is higher in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis [33,39] where some cases arose in healed pulmonary scars with tuberculosis infection [6,40]. The increased risk for lung cancer for those with a history of lung tuberculosis may be due to biological factors, such as compromised immune response and chronic inflammatory processes of the lung that enhance the effect of other carcinogenic exposures and/or stimulate cell proliferation and growth [6,33,41].…”

“…The increased risk for lung cancer for those with a history of lung tuberculosis may be due to biological factors, such as compromised immune response and chronic inflammatory processes of the lung that enhance the effect of other carcinogenic exposures and/or stimulate cell proliferation and growth [6,33,41]. Although, we defined lung tuberculosis as active tuberculosis lesions or past tuberculosis calcification from chest X-rays and baseline questionnaires, it is biologically plausible that lung carcinoma evolve directly from pre-existing post-tuberculosis lesions.…”

“…Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor but smoking alone does not explain the incidence of lung cancer among women who have never smoked. Among possible risk factors, we examined pulmonary tuberculosis because presence of tuberculosis for numerous years may increase a person's chance of developing lung cancer in areas of the lung that are scarred from lung tuberculosis [6]. Since lung tuberculosis is still prevalent in Korea (2.54 per 1000) [7], lung tuberculosis is a possible risk factor for lung cancer.…”

Coexistence of metastatic lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed in the same cavity

“…As for the pathogenesis of the coexistence of lung cancer and active pulmonary tuberculosis, although an antagonistic theory, 4 an inducing theory, 17 a coexistent theory, 18 and a scar theory have been proposed, 19 there has been no confirmation of any of these theories. However, it seems rational that neighboring encapsulated lesions resulting from old pulmonary tuberculosis would be reactivated with the progression of lung cancer.…”

Large Cell Anaplastic Carcinoma after Thoracoplasty for Tuberculosis

“…Similarly, local hypoxia may cause cellular release of such material [10]. Among the carcinogenic substances, cholesterol particles have been shown to initiate neoplasia and TB scars have shown to be particularly rich in cho lesterol [8,9], The incidence of carcinoma in scars af ter TB is for some unknown reason signifi cantly greater than in scars due to other pathological processes [3,[11][12][13][14][15][16], Histo logically the tumor is most often an adeno carcinoma and usually made up of alveo lar cells [1]. It is also not uncommon for the tumor to be classified as a squamous cell carcinoma [3].…”