Lung motion correction on respiratory gated 3-D PET/CT images

Dawood, Mohammad; Lang, N.; Jiang, Xiaoyi; Schäfers, Klaus P.

doi:10.1109/tmi.2006.870892

Cited by 169 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In addition, breathing irregularities can significantly reduce the quantification accuracy of 4D PET images and results in FDG uptake values that lie between the true (stationary) and non-gated values [13,16,36]. Typical respiratory patterns commonly demonstrate irregularities rather than a smooth, sinusoidal curve, and such patterns were encountered in our study in some subjects (Fig.…”

Section: A Salavati Et Al: Partial Volume Effect Correction Vs 4d mentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Since the morphological parameters may prove essential during radiation therapy, our results should not be extended to PET/CT studies performed for radiation treatment planning where the accuracy of SUV quantification may be less important. Second, it has been demonstrated that phasebased respiratory gating is less effective than amplitudebased gating, especially in patients with irregular respiratory cycles [13]. Despite this knowledge, phase-based methods of gating remain the most widely investigated in cancer research [15], as in the current study.…”

Section: A Salavati Et Al: Partial Volume Effect Correction Vs 4d mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Ideally, phase-based gating will place large respiratory amplitude data into inspiratory phases and small amplitude data into expiratory phases. However, typical breathing irregularities, such as a short deep inspiratory phase, frequently results in erroneous placement of large and small amplitude data into wrong bins [13]. Large breaths may also lead to desynchronization of PET and CT, which can affect coregistration and translate into diagnostic errors [37].…”

Section: A Salavati Et Al: Partial Volume Effect Correction Vs 4d mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4D-CT and 4D-PET data are binned according to the gating scheme, which can be either phase-or amplitude-based. In phasebased respiratory gating, the respiratory cycle is divided into separate phase ranges, while amplitude gating divides the respiratory amplitude into different amplitude ranges [13]. In 2002, Nehmeh et al were the first to perform respiratory gating for PET scanning in clinical setting and found that respiratory gating decreases total lesion volume and increases measured SUV compared to non-gated images [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Partial Volume Effect Correction and 4D PET in the Quantification of FDG Avid Lung Lesions

et al. 2014

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Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess a software-based method with semiautomated correction for partial volume effect (PVE) to quantify the metabolic activity of pulmonary malignancies in patients who underwent non-gated and respiratory-gated 2-deoxy-2-[ 18 F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/x-ray computed tomography(CT). Procedures: The study included 106 lesions of 55 lung cancer patients who underwent respiratory-gated FDG-PET/CT for radiation therapy treatment planning. Volumetric PET/CT parameters were determined by using 4D PET/CT and non-gated PET/CT images. We used a semiautomated program employing an adaptive contrast-oriented thresholding algorithm for lesion delineation as well as a lesion-based partial volume effect correction algorithm. We compared respiratory-gated parameters with non-gated parameters by using pairwise comparison and interclass correlation coefficient assessment. In a multivariable regression analysis, we also examined factors, which can affect quantification accuracy, including the size of lesion and the location of tumor. Results: This study showed that quantification of volumetric parameters of 4D PET/CT images using an adaptive contrast-oriented thresholding algorithm and 3D lesion-based partial volume correction is feasible. We observed slight increase in FDG uptake by using PET/CT volumetric parameters in comparison of highest respiratory-gated values with non-gated values. After correction for partial volume effect, the mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) increased substantially (p value G0.001). However, we did not observe a clinically significant difference between partial volume corrected parameters of respiratory-gated and non-gated PET/CT scans. Regression analysis showed that tumor volume was the main predictor of quantification inaccuracy caused by partial volume effect.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11307-014-0776-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.Correspondence to: Abass Alavi; e-mail: abass.alavi@uphs.upenn.edu Conclusions: Based on this study, assessment of volumetric PET/CT parameters and partial volume effect correction for accurate quantification of lung malignant lesions by using respiratory non-gated PET images are feasible and it is comparable to gated measurements. Partial volume correction increased both the respiratory-gated and non-gated values significantly and appears to be the dominant source of quantification error of lung lesions.

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Section: A Salavati Et Al: Partial Volume Effect Correction Vs 4d mentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: A Salavati Et Al: Partial Volume Effect Correction Vs 4d mentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: A Salavati Et Al: Partial Volume Effect Correction Vs 4d mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Partial Volume Effect Correction and 4D PET in the Quantification of FDG Avid Lung Lesions

et al. 2014

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“…Correction methodologies involve the use of gated frames that are of low signal-to-noise ratio since each frame contains only part of the counts available in a motion-averaged PET study (4)(5)(6). More advanced correction approaches consist of either accounting for motion in image space (7), where respiration-gated images are deformed to a reference state and summed, or incorporating motion parameters into the iterative image reconstruction process to produce a single motion-compensated PET image (8,9). Within the context of motion compensation, it has been previously shown that the necessary motion parameters may be extracted directly from the PET images (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction-Incorporated Respiratory Motion Correction in Clinical Simultaneous PET/MR Imaging for Oncology Applications

Fayad

Schmidt²,

Wuerslin³

et al. 2015

J Nucl Med

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Simultaneous PET and MR imaging is a promising new technique allowing the fusion of functional (PET) and anatomic/functional (MR) information. In the thoracic-abdominal regions, respiratory motion is a major challenge leading to reduced quantitative and qualitative image accuracy. Correction methodologies include the use of gated frames that lead to low signal-to-noise ratio considering the associated low statistics. More advanced correction approaches, previously developed for PET/CT imaging, consist of either registering all the reconstructed gated frames to the reference frame or incorporating motion parameters into the iterative reconstruction process to produce a single motioncompensated PET image. The goal of this work was to compare these two-previously implemented in PET/CT-correction approaches within the context of PET/MR motion correction for oncology applications using clinical 4-dimensional PET/MR acquisitions. Two different correction approaches were evaluated comparing the incorporation of elastic transformations extracted from 4-dimensional MR imaging datasets during PET list-mode image reconstruction to a postreconstruction imagebased approach. Methods: Eleven patient datasets acquired on a PET/MR system were used. T1-weighted 4D MR images were registered to the end-expiration image using a nonrigid B-spline registration algorithm to derive deformation matrices accounting for respiratory motion. The derived matrices were subsequently incorporated within a PET image reconstruction of the original emission list-mode data (reconstruction space [RS] method). The corrected images were compared with those produced by applying the deformation matrices in the image space (IS method) followed by summing the realigned gated frames, as well as with uncorrected motion-averaged images. Results: Both correction techniques led to significant improvement in accounting for respiratory motion artifacts when compared with uncorrected motionaveraged images. These improvements included signal-to-noise ratio (mean increase of 28.0% and 24.2% for the RS and IS methods, respectively), lesion size (reduction of 60.4% and 47.9%, respectively), lesion contrast (increase of 70.1% and 57.2%, respectively), and lesion position (changes of 60.9% and 46.7%, respectively). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate significant respiratory motion compensation using both methods, with superior results from a 4D PET RS approach.

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Attenuation correction in 4D‐PET using a single‐phase attenuation map and rigidity‐adaptive deformable registration

Kalantari

Wang

2017

Medical Physics

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Purpose Four-dimensional positron emission tomography (4D-PET) imaging is a potential solution to the respiratory motion effect in the thoracic region. Computed tomography (CT)-based attenuation correction (AC) is an essential step toward quantitative imaging for PET. However, due to the temporal difference between 4D-PET and a single attenuation map from CT, typically available in routine clinical scanning, motion artifacts are observed in the attenuation-corrected PET images, leading to errors in tumor shape and uptake. We introduced a practical method to align single-phase CT with all other 4D-PET phases for AC. Methods A penalized non-rigid Demons registration between individual 4D-PET frames without AC provides the motion vectors to be used for warping single-phase attenuation map. The non-rigid Demons registration was used to derive deformation vector fields (DVFs) between PET matched with the CT phase and other 4D-PET images. While attenuated PET images provide useful data for organ borders such as those of the lung and the liver, tumors cannot be distinguished from the background due to loss of contrast. To preserve the tumor shape in different phases, an ROI-covering tumor was excluded from non-rigid transformation. Instead the mean DVF of the central region of the tumor was assigned to all voxels in the ROI. This process mimics a rigid transformation of the tumor along with a non-rigid transformation of other organs. A 4D-XCAT phantom with spherical lung tumors, with diameters ranging from 10 to 40 mm, was used to evaluate the algorithm. The performance of the proposed hybrid method for attenuation map estimation was compared to 1) the Demons non-rigid registration only and 2) a single attenuation map based on quantitative parameters in individual PET frames. Results Motion-related artifacts were significantly reduced in the attenuation-corrected 4D-PET images. When a single attenuation map was used for all individual PET frames, the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) values in tumor region were 49.3% (STD: 8.3%), 50.5% (STD: 9.3%), 51.8% (STD: 10.8%) and 51.5% (STD: 12.1%) for 10-mm, 20-mm, 30-mm and 40-mm tumors respectively. These errors were reduced to 11.9% (STD: 2.9%), 13.6% (STD: 3.9%), 13.8% (STD: 4.8%), and 16.7% (STD: 9.3%) by our proposed method for deforming the attenuation map. The relative errors in total lesion glycolysis (TLG) values were −0.25% (STD: 2.87%) and 3.19% (STD: 2.35%) for 30-mm and 40-mm tumors respectively in proposed method. The corresponding values for Demons method were 25.22% (STD: 14.79%) and 18.42% (STD: 7.06%). Our proposed hybrid method outperforms the Demons method especially for larger tumors. For tumors smaller than 20 mm, non-rigid transformation could also provide quantitative results. Conclusion Although non-AC 4D-PET frames include insignificant anatomical information, they are still useful to estimate the DVFs to align the attenuation map for accurate AC. The proposed hybrid method can recover the AC-related artifacts and provide quantitative ...

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Lung motion correction on respiratory gated 3-D PET/CT images

Cited by 169 publications

References 25 publications

Application of Partial Volume Effect Correction and 4D PET in the Quantification of FDG Avid Lung Lesions

Application of Partial Volume Effect Correction and 4D PET in the Quantification of FDG Avid Lung Lesions

Reconstruction-Incorporated Respiratory Motion Correction in Clinical Simultaneous PET/MR Imaging for Oncology Applications

Attenuation correction in 4D‐PET using a single‐phase attenuation map and rigidity‐adaptive deformable registration

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