Lung microbiome and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Possible link and implications

Khatiwada, Saroj; Subedi, Astha

doi:10.1016/j.humic.2020.100073

Cited by 96 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Most COVID-19 patients show an acute respiratory distress syndrome and typical symptoms including fever, dry cough, and tiredness ( He et al., 2020 ). Other patients suffer from pain, nasal congestion, anosmia, sore throat, or gastrointestinal illness such as diarrhea ( Khatiwada and Subedi, 2020 ). Moreover, a large part of subjects resulting positive at the SARS-CoV-2 molecular assay, especially during this current pandemic wave, are asymptomatic carriers of the virus in population ( Khatiwada and Subedi, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal Microbiome Signature in COVID-19 Positive Patients: Can We Definitively Get a Role to Fusobacterium periodonticum?

Nardelli

Gentile

Setaro

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This virus is highly transmissible among individuals through both droplets and aerosol leading to determine severe pneumonia. Among the various factors that can influence both the onset of disease and the severity of its complications, the microbiome composition has also been investigated. Recent evidence showed the possible relationship between gut, lung, nasopharyngeal, or oral microbiome and COVID-19, but very little is known about it. Therefore, we aimed to verify the relationships between nasopharyngeal microbiome and the development of either COVID-19 or the severity of symptoms. To this purpose, we analyzed, by next generation sequencing, the hypervariable V1-V2-V3 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA in nasopharyngeal swabs from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients (n=18) and control (CO) individuals (n=12) using Microbiota solution A (Arrow Diagnostics). We found a significant lower abundance of Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria in COVID-19 patients in respect to CO (p=0.003 and p<0.0001, respectively) from the phylum up to the genus (p<0.001). The Fusobacterium periodonticum (FP) resulted as the most significantly reduced species in COVID-19 patients respect to CO. FP is reported as being able to perform the surface sialylation. Noteworthy, some sialic acids residues on the cell surface could work as additional S protein of SARS-CoV-2 receptors. Consequently, SARS-CoV-2 could use sialic acids as receptors to bind to the epithelium of the respiratory tract, promoting its clustering and the disease development. We can therefore speculate that the significant reduction of FP in COVID-19 patients could be directly or indirectly linked to the modulation of sialic acid metabolism. Finally, viral or environmental factors capable of interfering with sialic metabolism could determine a fall in the individual protection from SARS-CoV-2. Further studies are necessary to clarify the precise role of FP in COVID-19.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal Microbiome Signature in COVID-19 Positive Patients: Can We Definitively Get a Role to Fusobacterium periodonticum?

Nardelli

Gentile

Setaro

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…While alterations of the gut microbiota [ 15 , 16 ] and the lower respiratory tract [ 17 ] have been reported in COVID-19 patients, with potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], the relationship between COVID-19 and the nasal microbiota has received little attention. Based on a previous hypothesis that emphasized the importance of the nasal barrier to fight COVID-19 [ 22 ], in this review we aim to discuss how immunomodulation could stimulate the local nasal immune response and empower the nasal microbiota to prevent SARS-CoV-2 penetration and virulence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiota/Host Immune System Interaction in the Nose to Protect from COVID-19

Stadio

Costantini

Renga

et al. 2020

Life

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is characterized by variable clinical presentation that ranges from asymptomatic to fatal multi-organ damage. The site of entry and the response of the host to the infection affect the outcomes. The role of the upper airways and the nasal barrier in the prevention of infection is increasingly being recognized. Besides the epithelial lining and the local immune system, the upper airways harbor a community of microorganisms, or microbiota, that takes an active part in mucosal homeostasis and in resistance to infection. However, the role of the upper airway microbiota in COVID-19 is not yet completely understood and likely goes beyond protection from viral entry to include the regulation of the immune response to the infection. Herein, we discuss the hypothesis that restoring endogenous barriers and anti-inflammatory pathways that are defective in COVID-19 patients might represent a valid strategy to reduce infectivity and ameliorate clinical symptomatology.

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“…The authors stated the accrued levels of Streptococcus in patients’ fecal microbiota to be correlated with infection risk by opportunistic pathogenic bacteria ( Khatiwada and Subedi, 2020 ), such as Rothia, Veillonella , and Actinomyces ( Khatiwada and Subedi, 2020 ).Moreover, opportunistic fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans, Candida auris, and Aspergillus flavus are detected in patients’ microbiome ( Khatiwada and Subedi, 2020 ). The authors stated the value of the gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients as a dynamic diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic tool ( Gu et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: The Lung and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Interconnection Patterns Across Lung Microbiome, Respiratory Diseases, and COVID-19

Stavropoulou

Kantartzi

Tsigalou

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Albeit the lungs were thought to be sterile, recent scientific data reported a microbial microbiota in the lungs of healthy individuals. Apparently, new developments in technological approachesincluding genome sequencing methodologies contributed in the identification of the microbiota and shed light on the role of the gut and lung microbiomes in the development of respiratory diseases. Moreover, knowledge of the human microbiome in health may act as a tool for evaluating characteristic shifts in the case of disease. This review paper discusses the development of respiratory disease linked to the intestinal dysbiosis which influences the lung immunity and microbiome. The gastrointestinal–lung dialogue provides interesting aspects in the pathogenesis of the respiratory diseases. Lastly, we were further interested on the role of this interconnection in the progression and physiopathology of newly emergedCOVID-19.

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Lung microbiome and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Possible link and implications

Cited by 96 publications

References 72 publications

Nasopharyngeal Microbiome Signature in COVID-19 Positive Patients: Can We Definitively Get a Role to Fusobacterium periodonticum?

Nasopharyngeal Microbiome Signature in COVID-19 Positive Patients: Can We Definitively Get a Role to Fusobacterium periodonticum?

The Microbiota/Host Immune System Interaction in the Nose to Protect from COVID-19

Unraveling the Interconnection Patterns Across Lung Microbiome, Respiratory Diseases, and COVID-19

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