Lung Function Tests in Preschool Children

Fenu, Grazia; Calogero, Claudia; Lombardi, Enrico

doi:10.5152/ttd.2015.5038

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…The interrupter technique measures the resistance of the respiratory system requiring minimal cooperation. The technique involves a sudden interruption of flow during tidal breathing, this allows for alveolar and pressure at the mouth to equilibrate therefore alveolar pressure can be estimated ( 18 , 19 ). Different methods have been used to perform the test making the comparison of results difficult thus highlighting the need for test standardization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Function in Preschool Children in Low and Middle Income Countries: An Under-Represented Potential Tool to Strengthen Child Health

Chaya

Zar²,

Gray³

2022

Front. Pediatr.

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BackgroundThe burden of respiratory disease is high in low-middle income countries (LMIC). Pulmonary function tests are useful as an objective measure of lung health and to track progression. Spirometry is the commonest test, but its use is limited in preschool children. Other lung function methods have been developed but their use in LMIC has not been well described.AimTo review the use of preschool lung function testing in children in LMIC, with particular reference to feasibility and clinical applications.MethodsElectronic databases “PubMed”, “Scopus”,” Web of Science”, and “EBSCO host” were searched for publications in low and middle income countries on preschool lung function testing, including spirometry, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), oscillometry, interrupter technique, tidal breathing and multiple breath washout (MBW), from 1 January 2011 to 31 January 2022. Papers in English were included and those including only children ≥6 years were excluded.ResultA total of 61 papers from LMIC in Asia, South America, Africa, Eurasia or the Middle East were included. Of these, 40 included spirometry, 7 FeNO, 15 oscillometry, 2 interrupter technique, and 2 tidal breathing. The papers covered test feasibility (19/61), clinical application (46/61) or epidemiological studies (13/61). Lung function testing was successful in preschool children from LMIC. Spirometry was the most technically demanding and success gradually increased with age.ConclusionPreschool lung function testing is under-represented in LMIC for the burden of respiratory disease. These tests have the potential to strengthen respiratory care in LMIC, however access needs to be improved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Function in Preschool Children in Low and Middle Income Countries: An Under-Represented Potential Tool to Strengthen Child Health

Chaya

Zar²,

Gray³

2022

Front. Pediatr.

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A novel approach to quantify ventilation heterogeneity in occluded bronchial tree based on lung admittance

2022

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Obstructions in airways result in significant alterations in ventilation distribution and consequently reduce the ventilation to perfusion ratio, affecting gas exchange. This study presents a lumped parameter-based model to quantify the spatial ventilation distribution using constructal theory. An extension of the existing theory is made for the conductive bronchial tree and is represented in matrix frame incorporated with airway admittances. The proposed lung admittance model has a greater advantage over the existing methodologies based on lung impedance, as it can be applicable for both fully and partially blocked regions. We proved the well-posedness of the problem, and the generated matrix is highly sparse in nature. A modified block decomposition method is implemented for symmetric and asymmetric trees of various obstructions [Formula: see text] to reduce the memory size. The asymmetry is considered in every left branch of the bronchial tree recursively, following the mathematical relations: [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where L and D are the length, diameter of the jth branch at ith generation, respectively, for [Formula: see text]. It is observed that relative flow rate [Formula: see text] decreases exponentially with the generation index. In tidal breathing, the regional ventilation pattern is found to vary spatially instead of spatio-temporally. The comparison of our result with the clinical data is found to be accurate when 40% or more obstruction is considered in the proximal region (observed in asthma). Moreover, this predicts an increment of lung impedance by 6%, which can be used for further improvement of clinical observations.

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Lung Function Tests in Preschool Children

Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

Lung Function in Preschool Children in Low and Middle Income Countries: An Under-Represented Potential Tool to Strengthen Child Health

Lung Function in Preschool Children in Low and Middle Income Countries: An Under-Represented Potential Tool to Strengthen Child Health

A novel approach to quantify ventilation heterogeneity in occluded bronchial tree based on lung admittance

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