Lung Function of Grain Millers Exposed to Grain Dust and Diesel Exhaust in Two Food Markets in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria

Abstract

BackgroundDespite growing concern over occupational exposure to particulate matter (PM) such as grain dust and diesel exhaust, information about the exposure level and health implications among workers in small-scale milling enterprises in developing countries like Nigeria has not been adequately documented. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of exposure to grain dust and diesel exhaust and effect on lung function among grain millers in food markets in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria.MethodsThe study adopted descriptive cross-sectional design with a comparative approach. Sixteen grain milling shops each were randomly selected from two major food markets in Ibadan metropolis for indoor PM10 and PM2.5 monitoring. Seventy-two respondents each were proportionately selected from grain millers and shop owners for forced expiratory volume in one second and peak expiratory flow rate tests.ResultsThe PM2.5 concentrations for both market locations ranged between 1,269.3 and 651.7 μg/m3, while PM10 concentrations were between 1,048.2 and 818.1 μg/m3. The recorded concentrations exceeded the World Health Organization guideline limit of 50 μg/m3 and 25 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. As compared with control group (2.1 L), significantly lower forced expiratory volume in one second value (1.61 L) was observed among the exposed group (p < 0.05). Likewise, significantly lower peak expiratory flow rate value (186.7 L/min) was recorded among the exposed group than the control group (269.51 L/min) (p < 0.05).ConclusionExposure to grain dust and diesel exhaust accentuated respiratory disorders with declines in lung functions amongst grain millers. Improved milling practices and engaging cleaner milling facilities should be adopted to minimize exposure and related hazards.

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“…Jumlah setiap tahun kejadian ISPA di Indonesia sebesar 15.000 kasus atau dapat dikatakan dalam setiap 5 menit ada satu orang yang meninggal. 5,6 ISPA merupakan penyakit yang makin banyak ditemukan di wilayah Kecamatan Margasari Kabupaten Tegal. Berdasarkan data yang dimiliki Puskesmas Margasari, pada tahun 2020 penyakit ISPA menduduki peringkat kedua dalam 10 penyakit teratas di Kecamatan Margasari, yaitu dengan jumlah kasus sebesar 3.068 kasus dan pada tahun 2021 dari bulan Januari sampai Februari terdapat 342 kasus.…”

PM2.5 and PM10 exposure in selected animal feed processing facilities in Kiambu County, Kenya.

“…Occupational exposures to grain dust contribute to approximately 12% of deaths linked to chronic obstructive airway diseases (Iyogun, Lateef and Ana, 2019). These diseases induced by grain dust attack the respiratory system and are influenced by the type of dust, dose, duration of exposure, and genetic factors (Meo and Al-Drees, 2005;Subbarao, Mandhane and Sears, 2009).…”