Lung function in infants with chronic pulmonary disease after severe adenoviral illness

This review is the summary of a workshop on small airways disease, which took place in Porquerolles, France in November 2011. The purpose of this workshop was to review the evidence on small airways (bronchiolar) involvement under various pathophysiological circumstances, excluding asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Histopathological patterns associated with small airways disease were reviewed, including cellular and obliterative bronchiolitis. Many pathophysiological conditions have been associated with small airways disease including airway infections, connective tissue diseases and inflammatory bowel diseases, bone marrow and lung transplantation, common variable immunodeficiency disorders, diffuse panbronchiolitis, and diseases related to environmental exposures to pollutants, allergens and drugs. Pathogenesis, clinical presentation, a computed tomography scan and pulmonary function test findings are reviewed, and therapeutic options are described with the objective of providing an integrative approach to these disorders.

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“…tests usually show airflow limitation and hyperinflation, which are poorly reversible with bronchodilators [32,33].…”

Section: Specific Causes Of Small Airways Diseases Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small airways diseases, excluding asthma and COPD: an overview

Burgel¹,

Bergeron²,

Blic³

et al. 2013

European Respiratory Review

104

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“…Estudos funcionais em lactentes revelam que as manobras expiratórias forçadas apresentam marcada concavidade e redução dos fluxos expiratórios, especialmente dos fluxos telexpiratórios 53 . Além disso, foi observada diminuição da complacência e aumento da resistência das vias aéreas 53 .…”

Section: Provas De Função Pulmonarunclassified

Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans in children

Champs

Lasmar²,

Camargos³

et al. 2011

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Objective: To review publications about the main features of postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans and its history, etiology, epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, histological findings, clinical presentation, complementary tests, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.Sources: Non-systematic review of MEDLINE and LILACS databases and selection of 66 most relevant studies. Summary of the findings:In the post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans there is an insult to respiratory epithelial cells, and its clinical severity is associated with the degree of lesion and inflammation. Diagnosis is made according to clinical signs and symptoms, by exclusion of main differential diagnoses and with the aid of complementary tests. High resolution CT, particularly images obtained during inspiration and expiration, provide information for the evaluation of the small airways. Pulmonary function tests show fixed airway obstructions and marked decrease of FEF 25-75% . Treatment has not been definitely established, and corticoids have been administered as pulse therapy or by inhalation of high doses of steroids. However, data about its efficacy are scarce in the literature. Long-term prognosis is variable, and there might be either clinical improvement or deterioration into respiratory insufficiency and death.Conclusion: Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans is a disease with a high morbidity rate; it should be treated by a multidisciplinary team, and patients should be followed up for a long period of time.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011;87(3):187-198: Bronchiolitis obliterans, diagnosis, spirometry, CT, child. ResumoObjetivo: Revisar os trabalhos publicados sobre os principais aspectos da bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa, relacionados com sua história, etiologia, epidemiologia, fatores de risco, patogenia, alterações histológicas, manifestações clínicas, exames complementares, critérios diagnósticos, diagnóstico diferencial, tratamento e prognóstico. Fonte dos dados:Realizou-se uma revisão não sistemática nas bases de dados MEDLINE e LILACS, selecionando-se 66 referências mais relevantes. Síntese dos dados:Na bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa ocorre lesão do epitélio respiratório, e a gravidade clínica está relacionada aos diferentes graus de lesão e ao processo inflamatório. O diagnóstico baseia-se no quadro clínico, na exclusão dos principais diagnósticos diferenciais e no auxílio dos exames complementares. A tomografia computadorizada de alta resolução, principalmente com imagens em inspiração e expiração, possibilta a avaliação das pequenas vias aéreas. As provas de função pulmonar caracterizam-se por padrão obstrutivo fixo com redução acentuada do FEF 25-75% . O tratamento não está bem estabelecido, e o uso de corticoides tem sido preconizado em forma de pulsoterapia ou por via inalatória em elevadas doses, no entanto, os dados da literatura a respeito de sua eficácia ainda são escassos. O prognóstico a longo prazo é variável, podendo haver melhora clínica ou evolução par...

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“…Two studies (both conducted by the same research group) evaluated pulmonary function in infants with PIBO. (5,7) Those two studies produced consistent results, since both included a representative number of patients. That is not the case for studies involving children and adolescents with PIBO; the few articles providing lung function data usually have small sample sizes and different methodology or focus, which precludes an appropriate characterization of LF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Função pulmonar de crianças e adolescentes com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa

Mattiello

Mallol²,

Fischer

et al. 2010

J. bras. pneumol.

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Objective: To describe the pulmonary function in children and adolescents with postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO), as well as to evaluate potential risk factors for severe impairment of pulmonary function. Methods: The pulmonary function of 77 participants, aged 8-18 years, was assessed by spirometry and plethysmography. The following parameters were analyzed: FVC; FEV 1 ; FEF 25-75% ; FEV 1 /FVC; RV; TLC; RV/TLC; intrathoracic gas volume; and specific airway resistance (sRaw). We used Poisson regression to investigate the following potential risk factors for severe impairment of pulmonary function: gender; age at first wheeze; age at diagnosis; family history of asthma; tobacco smoke exposure; length of hospital stay; and duration of mechanical ventilation. Results: The mean age was 13.5 years. There were pronounced decreases in FEV 1 and FEF 25-75% , as well as increases in RV and sRaw. These alterations are characteristic of obstructive airway disease. For the parameters that were the most affected, the mean values (percentage of predicted) were as follows: FEV 1 = 45.9%; FEF 25-75% = 21.5%; RV = 281.1%; RV/TLC = 236.2%; and sRaw = 665.3%. None of the potential risk factors studied showed a significant association with severely impaired pulmonary function. Conclusions: The patients with PIBO had a common pattern of severe pulmonary function impairment, characterized by marked airway obstruction and pronounced increases in RV and sRaw. The combination of spirometric and plethysmographic measurements can be more useful for assessing functional damage, as well as in the follow-up of these patients, than are either of these techniques used in isolation. Known risk factors for respiratory diseases do not seem to be associated with severely impaired pulmonary function in PIBO. Keywords:Respiratory function tests; Airway obstruction; Bronchiolitis obliterans. ResumoObjetivo: Descrever a função pulmonar de crianças e adolescentes com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa (BOPI) e avaliar potenciais fatores de risco para pior função pulmonar. Métodos: A função pulmonar de 77 participantes, com idades de 8-18 anos, foi avaliada por meio de espirometria e pletismografia. Os seguintes parâmetros foram analisados: CVF, VEF 1 , FEF 25-75%, VEF 1 /CVF, VR, CPT, VR/CPT, volume de gás intratorácico e specific airway resistance (sRaw, resistência específica das vias aéreas). Foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson para investigar os seguintes potenciais fatores de risco para pior função pulmonar: sexo, idade do primeiro sibilo, idade ao diagnóstico, história familiar de asma, exposição ao tabaco, tempo de hospitalização e tempo de ventilação mecânica. Resultados: A idade média foi de 13,5 anos. Houve uma diminuição importante de VEF 1 e FEF 25-75% , assim como um aumento de VR e sRaw, característicos de doença obstrutiva das vias aéreas. Os parâmetros mais afetados e as médias percentuais dos valores previstos foram VEF 1 = 45,9%; FEF 25-75% = 21,5%; VR = 281,1%; VR/ CPT = 236,2%; e sRaw = 665,3%. Nenhum dos...

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Lung function in infants with chronic pulmonary disease after severe adenoviral illness

Cited by 53 publications

References 22 publications

Small airways diseases, excluding asthma and COPD: an overview

Small airways diseases, excluding asthma and COPD: an overview

Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans in children

Função pulmonar de crianças e adolescentes com bronquiolite obliterante pós-infecciosa

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