Lung Function Decline after 24 Weeks of Moxa Smoke Exposure in Rats

He, Rui; Han, Li; Liu, Ping; Hu, Hai; Yang, Jia; Chen, Hong; Huang, Chang; Wang, Lei; Liu, Juntian; Huang, Jian; Ha, Lue; Yaomeng, Liu; Wu, Jihong; Zhu, Min; Zhao, Baixiao

doi:10.1155/2019/9236742

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…However, all results surprisingly demonstrated clinical efficacy and safety of MS under the carefully designed concentration, totally out of expectations. [58][59][60][61][62][63] Therefore, our hypothesis is that the efficacy and safety of MS possibly should be affected by the level of MSC, moxa quality and duration of exposure in MS. Firstly, moxa aged more than three years is considered as quality guarantee for its characteristics, and the moxibustion duration usually lasts for 20-30 min for each session. 64 Hence, moxa that has been aged for three years will be utilized in 30-minute treatment sessions in this trial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Plum Blossom Needling with Mild Moxibustion Device for Upper Limb Pain Disorder and Motor Dysfunction in Patients with Stage 1 Post-Stroke Shoulder-Hand Syndrome: Study Protocol for a Multi-Center, Single-Blind, Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial

Meng¹,

Sun²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

JPR

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Background: Post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome (PS-SHS), a common neurological comorbidity after stroke episodes, poses a grave threat on patients' functional recovery. Preliminary trials have demonstrated that the acupuncture and moxibustion treatment, including a dermal acupuncture tapping method known as plum blossom needling (PBN) can improve pain and motor dysfunctions in patients with PS-SHS. However, there are few reports describing simultaneous moxibustion treatment in combination with PBN. Hence, a novel plum blossom needle device with mild moxibustion (PBNMM) was developed to evaluate its potential efficacy and safety in patients with stage 1 PS-SHS. Materials and Methods: This multicenter, sham-controlled, randomized controlled trial (RCT) will recruit 102 eligible patients with stage 1 PS-SHS from three clinical centers, randomly allocated in a ratio of 1:1:1 to the PBNMM group, PBNMM with no moxa smoke (PBNMM-NMS) group and sham control group. Patients in each group will receive a 30-minute treatment once per day for 4 weeks, with 5 consecutive sessions per week, for a total of 20 sessions. The primary outcome measure will be defined as the decreased scores from baseline in the visual analog scale (VAS) assessment at week 4. Secondary outcome measures will include scores on the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity Scale (FMA-UE), the Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) records. All outcomes will be evaluated at baseline and weeks 4, 5, 6 and 10, and the intention-to-treat analysis will be applied. Conclusion:This study aims to provide robust evidence for the efficacy and safety of the PBNMM for PS-SHS treatment, as well as the specific impact of moxibustion smoke itself in dealing with PS-SHS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Plum Blossom Needling with Mild Moxibustion Device for Upper Limb Pain Disorder and Motor Dysfunction in Patients with Stage 1 Post-Stroke Shoulder-Hand Syndrome: Study Protocol for a Multi-Center, Single-Blind, Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial

Meng¹,

Sun²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

JPR

Self Cite

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“…Moxa smoke at higher concentrations might destroy heart, liver, and kidney function. In fact, it has been reported that moxa smoke can cause related symptoms, such as eustachian tube and throat itching, eye pain, tonsil enlargement, and other symptoms [ 30 – 33 ]. Tar contains two-tenths of a million of a kind of thick cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon called benzo(a)pyrene, which is a strong carcinogen [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Components in Moxa Smoke by GC‐MS and Preliminary Discussion on Its Toxicity and Side Effects

Wang

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Moxibustion plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of diseases and the promotion of human health. In this study, the components in moxa smoke from Jiangxi Poai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., namely, Qing moxa sticks, were absorbed by five solvents (cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, anhydrous ethanol, and water) and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The identification results of the smoke from the Qing moxa sticks that was absorbed in liquid are as follows: a total of 294 compounds were identified, including 139 in cyclohexane, 145 in ethyl acetate, 60 in n-butanol, 89 in anhydrous ethanol, and 77 in water, and of those, 112 toxic compounds were identified. Furthermore, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software and the PubChem database were successfully applied to analyze the toxic compounds. There were 812 target proteins related to the toxic components, 25 molecular networks, and 54 biological pathways. The results showed that the toxic compounds of moxa smoke may have some side effects on the heart, liver, and kidney of humans. This study revealed that the components of moxa smoke are complex and diverse. Due to the findings of toxic compounds in moxa smoke, we recommend that moxibustion rooms should be equipped with ventilation equipment or enough artificial ventilation to ensure the health of patients and practitioners.

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“…Recently, animal research conducted by He et al also demonstrated that the FEV1/FVC%, inspiratory resistance, and expiratory resistance among each group after 24 weeks of MSE had no difference. It was also mentioned that MSE at low concentrations did not affect the rat's lung function and moxa smoke of low concentrations (27.45 mg/m 3 ) is much higher than that in a regular moxibustion clinic (3.54 mg/m 3 ) [34]. Furthermore, animal research carried out in another study indicated that long-term MSE with medium and high concentration may cause inflammatory changes in the lung and bronchi, but it was not obvious in low concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Moxa Smoke Have Significant Effect on the Acupuncturist’s Respiratory System? A Population-Based Study

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2019

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Objectives. To evaluate the safety of moxa smoke, especially to provide quantitative information and details for the occupational prevention of acupuncturists. Methods. We combined the questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey and lung function testing-based historical retrospective cohort research to investigate the safety of moxa smoke exposure (MSE) among acupuncturists. A mathematical regression model was established to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between moxa smoke exposure and the respiratory health of the acupuncturist. The smoke exposure time of the acupuncturist and the prevalence of abnormal respiratory symptoms or diseases were also evaluated. Results. (1) The cross-sectional research showed that the incidence of expectoration (18.7%) and rhinitis (22.7%) was the most common respiratory symptom and disease after MSE. No statistical difference was found between smoke exposure time of the acupuncturist and the prevalence of abnormal respiratory symptoms or diseases, except the prevalence of rhinitis and shortness of breath (P<0.01). Regression model for the incidence of first three symptoms (expectoration, shortness of breath, and wheezing) from the cross-sectional survey indicated that the weight coefficients of factors associated with moxa smoke were lower than those of factors unrelated to moxa smoke, such as gender and personal history of respiratory diseases. (2) Historical retrospective cohort research showed that there was no significant difference in the % predicted PEF. No statistic difference was found between the exposed and nonexposed group in large airway function indexes (% predicted FEV1, % predicted FVC, and % predicted FEV1/FVC) and small airway function indexes (% predicted FEF25, % predicted FEF50, % predicted FEF75, and % predicted MMEF), either. Especially, the % predicted MVV among males (106.23 ± 2.92 vs. 95.56 ± 1.92, P<0.01 and % predicted VC among females (100.70 ± 1.59 vs. 95.91 ± 1.61, P<0.05) between the two groups had statistical significance, but did not cause pulmonary ventilation dysfunction. Conclusions. MSE has no significant effect on the respiratory health of acupuncturists.

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Lung Function Decline after 24 Weeks of Moxa Smoke Exposure in Rats

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Plum Blossom Needling with Mild Moxibustion Device for Upper Limb Pain Disorder and Motor Dysfunction in Patients with Stage 1 Post-Stroke Shoulder-Hand Syndrome: Study Protocol for a Multi-Center, Single-Blind, Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial

Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Plum Blossom Needling with Mild Moxibustion Device for Upper Limb Pain Disorder and Motor Dysfunction in Patients with Stage 1 Post-Stroke Shoulder-Hand Syndrome: Study Protocol for a Multi-Center, Single-Blind, Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial

Analysis of the Components in Moxa Smoke by GC‐MS and Preliminary Discussion on Its Toxicity and Side Effects

Does Moxa Smoke Have Significant Effect on the Acupuncturist’s Respiratory System? A Population-Based Study

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