Lung Disease and Brain Development

Abstract

With the technical progress made in fetal and neonatal intensive care, perinatal mortality has decreased by 25% over the last decade and has expanded the surviving premature population. Prematurity drastically changes the environment of the developing organism. Striking evidence from a number of disciplines has focused attention on the interplay between the developing organism and the circumstances in which it finds itself. The environmental event during a sensitive period in development, induces injury and/or biological adaptations that lead to altered differentiation of tissues. The organism can express specific adaptive responses to its environment which include short-term changes in physiology as well as long-term adjustments. This review addresses these short-term as well as longer-term changes occurring in lung and brain tissue and illustrates how these changes can be studied using advanced imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Altered brain metabolite concentration and delayed neurodevelopment in preterm neonates

“…35,36 Hüppi et al demonstrated that developmental disruption and plasticity in the lungs and brain was closely associated with events inducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and endocrine disruption. 37 These events could disturb NAA production in neuronal mitochondria, 32,33 leading to reductions in tNAA concentrations in subjects with low DQ scores.…”

Penurunan Luaran Neurodevelopmental pada Sepsis Neonatal terjadi melalui Peningkatan IL- 6 dan bukan TNF-α

“…menyebabkan perkembangan kematian sel, dan IL-6 juga menyebabkan gliosis reaktif melalui aktivasi mikroglia Kadar IL-6, TNF α adalah merupakan sitokin pro inflamasi atau astrosit sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya yang diperiksa bila telah terjadi tanda SIRS. Kadar IL-6 dan astrositosis dan keterlambatan mielinisasi pada kerusakan TNF-α diperiksa dengan cara ELISA menggunakan kit materi putih pada bayi sangat premature (5)(6)(7)(8).…”