Lung development

Mullassery, Dhanya; Smith, Nicola

doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2015.01.011

Cited by 63 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In the neonate, the subpleural lung tissue may show structural variability compared to the adult lung due to postnatal lung development and to ventilatory inhomogeneity related to the elastic properties of the neonatal parenchyma and airways. 6,[20][21][22][23] During lung development, septa grow from the saccular walls to the distal saccules into terminal alveoli, increasing the gas exchange area. 24 At the same time, pulmonary angiogenesis creates microvascular maturation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Ultrasound Pattern in Healthy Infants During the First 6 Months of Life

Buonsenso

Soldati

Curatola

et al. 2020

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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Objectives-Lung ultrasound (LUS) has gained a primary role in the diagnosis and management of pleuropulmonary disorders in pediatric practice. However, normal and pathologic patterns are translated from adult studies and have never been specifically studied in children, particularly in infants. This was a prospective observational pilot study aiming to define the normal LUS pattern in healthy infants during the first 6 months of life. Methods-We recruited healthy neonates at 7 to 10 days of life, and these were followed until the sixth month of life (times: 7-10 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months). We excluded neonates with a gestational age before 33 weeks and neonates with cardiac or lung abnormalities or diseases, immune deficiencies, metabolic or genetic conditions, and acute or chronic respiratory diseases. A LUS evaluation was performed by a single certified pediatrician. The chest wall was examined in 18 areas, addressing A-lines, short and long B-lines, pleural abnormalities, and subpleural consolidations. Results-Thirty-seven neonates were enrolled and followed until the sixth month of life, 27 (73%) of whom were born at term (≥37 weeks) and 10 (27%) of whom were born preterm (33-36 weeks). Most of the patients at 7 to 10 days showed multiple B-lines (long and short) with a progressive normalization toward a normal A pattern at 6 months (P < .00001; 95% confidence interval, 13.75-23.24). No infants showed subpleural consolidations or pleural abnormalities. Conclusions-This study has implications for the interpretation of LUS during the first 6 months of life. Most healthy infants show a diffuse pattern of vertical artifacts (B-lines), and the LUS pattern tends to be similar to the physiologic pattern (A-lines) after the sixth month of life. The only pathologic LUS findings were pleural irregularities and effusion and subpleural consolidations, which have never been described in healthy infants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Ultrasound Pattern in Healthy Infants During the First 6 Months of Life

Buonsenso

Soldati

Curatola

et al. 2020

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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“…These impairments have dramatic consequences for gas exchange, and many preterms need prolonged periods of mechanical ventilation, respiratory support, and oxygen delivery. The further lung development during the alveolar stage cannot induce a catch-up growth which leads to relevant limitations of lung function persisting into adulthood [ 9 , 10 ]. The impairments of development of the air-conducting parts of the lung are accompanied by a more or less serious distortion of pulmonary vascular development.…”

Section: Alterations Of Normal Lung Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: when inflammation meets organ development

et al. 2016

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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a chronic lung disease of preterm infants. It is caused by the disturbance of physiologic lung development mainly in the saccular stage with lifelong restrictions of pulmonary function and an increased risk of abnormal somatic and psychomotor development. The contributors to this disease’s entity are multifactorial with pre- and postnatal origin. Central to the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary is the induction of a massive pulmonary inflammatory response due to mechanical ventilation and oxygen toxicity. The extent of the pro-inflammatory reaction and the disturbance of further alveolar growth and vasculogenesis vary largely and can be modified by prenatal infections, antenatal steroids, and surfactant application.This minireview summarizes the important recent research findings on the pulmonary inflammatory reaction obtained in patient cohorts and in experimental models. Unfortunately, recent changes in clinical practice based on these findings had only limited impact on the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

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“…Therefore, up to now, the animal model of BPD induced by hyperoxia is still the most commonly used. The development of lung in human usually goes through five stages, including embryonic stage, pseudoglandular stage, tubule stage, vesicle stage, and alveolar stage (16). The relevant time point of lung development is located in the vesicular phase, usually between the 24 and 38th weeks of pregnancy (corresponding to d0, d4) (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Innovative Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Premature Infants

et al. 2020

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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the common chronic lung diseases (CLD) of premature infants, which causes unpredictable consequences to the family and society. Therefore, the pathogenesis and prevention methods of BPD are the focus of current research, and the establishment of an effective and appropriate animal model of BPD in premature infants is the key to the research. In this study, premature rats were exposed to hyperoxia environment. Compared with the air group, the body weight and alveolar radiation count of the hyperoxia group decreased significantly, but there was no significant difference in body length. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of BPD in the lung tissue. The above results proved that under the hyperoxia condition, the BPD animal model of premature infants was successfully established, which provided a new choice for the future research of BPD.

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Lung development

Cited by 63 publications

References 42 publications

Lung Ultrasound Pattern in Healthy Infants During the First 6 Months of Life

Lung Ultrasound Pattern in Healthy Infants During the First 6 Months of Life

Pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: when inflammation meets organ development

An Innovative Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Premature Infants

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