Lung Clearance and Retention of Toner, Utilizing a Tracer Technique, during Chronic Inhalation Exposure in Rats

Bellmann, B.; Muhle, H.; Creutzenberg, Otto; Dasenbrock, Clemens; Kilpper, R.; MacKenzie, Jane; Morrow, Paul E.; Mermelstein, Robert

doi:10.1093/toxsci/17.2.300

Cited by 30 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…An impairment of alveolar clearance was observed after exposure to a high concentration of insoluble particles in previous subchronic and chronic inhalation studies in rats (1,2). In the same chronic study, an increase ofpolymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) indicated inflanmmatory responses in the lung (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Irreversible Pulmonary Changes Induced in Rat Lung by Dust Overload

Bellmann¹,

Muhle²,

Creutzenberg³

et al. 1992

Environmental Health Perspectives

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The objective of this study was to investigate whether the effects of dust overload are reversible upon cessation of subchronic exposure to test toner. Female ratswere exposed 6hr/day, 5 days/week for 3 months to a test tonerat 0, 10, and 40 mg/m3. The retained quantity oftest toner in the lungs at the end ofexposure was GA and 3.0 mg for the low and high exposure groups, respectively. Fifteen months later, the corresponding values mere 0.12 and 2.65 mg in the lungs. Alveolar clearance oftracer aerosols as weil as cytologic and enzymatic parameters in the bronchoalveolar fluid was investigated at the end ofexposure and subsequently up to 15 months later. The alveolar dearance of RFe203, 51Cr-polystyrene, and 'Sr-polystyrene tracer aerosols was slightly retarded at the low and substantially impaired at the high exposure level. At the low exposure level, there was some recovery in the clearance behavior up to 6 months after exposure In contrast, at the high exposure level there was no indication of a reversal of the impaired clearance. For the jS glucuronidase activity and the number of polymorphonuclear cells, the pattern of the effects was similar to the effects on the half-timne tracer particle clearance. In conclusion, the dust overload at a lung burden of3 mg test toner in rats was persistent for at least 15 months after termination of exposure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Irreversible Pulmonary Changes Induced in Rat Lung by Dust Overload

Bellmann¹,

Muhle²,

Creutzenberg³

et al. 1992

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…Radiographic examinations have revealed carbon deposition in the lungs of the mice and primates with little or no pulmonary fibrosis. Bellman et al 29) reported that the alveolar clearance of two types of radioisotopically labeled particles (iron oxide and polystyrene) is substantially impaired at high levels of exposure to toner and moderately slow at medium levels. The excessive quantity of toner retained and the substantially retarded clearance in the high-exposure group indicate "lung overloading".…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative Effect of Photocopier Toner on Alveolar Macrophages Determined by In Vitro Magnetometric Evaluation.

et al. 2002

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Photocopier toner has been implicated in the etiology of some pulmonary diseases. We examined here the in vitro toxicity of toner particles to alveolar macrophages. Cell magnetometry revealed that relaxation was not delayed in macrophages exposed to toner, which represents a rapid decrease in the remaining magnetism emitted by phagocytosed magnetite. However, relaxation was delayed in macrophages exposed to silica (positive controls). The release of intracellular LDH enzyme activity to the extracellular space was negligible in cells exposed to toner compared with negative and positive controls. Morphological examinations by light and electron microscopy revealed no abnormal findings in the exposed cells. A histochemical study using TUNEL staining and the electrophoretic profile of DNA obtained from cells exposed to toner and to silica were negative for apoptosis. The results of the present and other investigations into animal exposure indicate that photocopier toner is toxicologically inert. However, although the present study examined only effects in vitro, exposure to toner should be minimized because lung overloading in animals has been reported.

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“…Histological investigations revealed an increase in the number of particle-laden macrophages in the lungs of the treated rats. The incidence of lung fibrosis and lymphoid hyperplasia was 5% Bellmann et al 1991).…”

Section: Acute Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Titanium dioxide (respirable fraction) [MAK Value Documentation, 2009]

2014

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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Published in the series Occupational Toxicants , 2014 The article contains sections titled: Toxic Effects and Mode of Action Mechanism of Action Toxicokinetics and Metabolism Absorption, distribution, elimination Metabolism Effects in Humans Single exposures Repeated exposure Local effects on skin and mucous membranes Allergenic effects Reproductive toxicity Genotoxicity Carcinogenicity Animal Experiments and in vitro Studies Acute toxicity Subacute, subchronic and chronic toxicity Local effects on skin and mucous membranes Allergenic effects Reproductive toxicity Genotoxicity Carcinogenicity Other effects Manifesto (MAK value/characterization)

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Lung Clearance and Retention of Toner, Utilizing a Tracer Technique, during Chronic Inhalation Exposure in Rats

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Irreversible Pulmonary Changes Induced in Rat Lung by Dust Overload

Irreversible Pulmonary Changes Induced in Rat Lung by Dust Overload

Negative Effect of Photocopier Toner on Alveolar Macrophages Determined by In Vitro Magnetometric Evaluation.

Titanium dioxide (respirable fraction) [MAK Value Documentation, 2009]

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