Lung Cancer in Railroad Workers Exposed to Diesel Exhaust

Garshick, Eric; Laden, Francine; Hart, Jaime E.; Rosner, Bernard; Smith, Thomas J.; Dockery, Douglas W.; Speizer, Frank E.

doi:10.1289/ehp.7195

Cited by 194 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(55 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

133

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, lung cancer has become a major health risk in animal and human research. Studies on railroad workers and truck drivers occupationally exposed to diesel engine emission show that these workers have been found tend to have increasing in getting lung cancer risk with increasing years of work in the exposed job [6]. Bearing in mind the statement that poor air quality mainly caused by the emission of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide [7], diesel engine emission somewhat partly responsible for the global ecological disturbance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tri-fuel (diesel-biodiesel-ethanol) emulsion characterization, stability and the corrosion effect

Low

Mukhtar

Hagos

2017

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. This paper presents the result of experimenting emulsified tri-fuel in term of stability, physico-chemical properties and corrosion effect on three common metals. The results were interpreted in terms of the impact of five minutes emulsification approach. Tri-fuel emulsions were varied in proportion ratio consist of biodiesel; 0%, 5%, 10%, and ethanol; 5%, 10%, 15%. Fuel characterization includes density, calorific value, flash point, and kinematic viscosity. Flash point of tri-fuel emulsion came with range catalog. Calorific value of tri-fuel emulsion appeared in declining pattern as more ethanol and biodiesel were added. Biodiesel promoted flow resistance while ethanol with opposite effect. 15% ethanol content in tri-fuel emulsion separated faster than 10% ethanol content but ethanol content with 5% yield no phase separation at all. Close cap under static immersion with various ratio of tri-fuel emulsions for over a month, corrosiveness attack was detected via weight loss technique on aluminum, stainless steel and mild steel.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tri-fuel (diesel-biodiesel-ethanol) emulsion characterization, stability and the corrosion effect

Low

Mukhtar

Hagos

2017

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The organic fraction is composed of organic compounds such as aldehydes, alkanes and alkenes, and high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and PAH derivatives, such as nitro-PAH, which are extractable in organic solvents. Many of these PAH and PAH derivatives, especially nitro-PAH, were found to be potent mutagens and carcinogens (Garshick et al, 2004;Tokiwa et al, 1986). Nitro-PAH compounds are also formed during transport through the atmosphere by reactions of adsorbed PAH with nitric acid and by gas-phase radical-initiated reactions in the presence of oxides of nitrogen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Toxicity in Mouse Lung and Liver after Inhalation Exposure to 100% Biodiesel or Petroleum Diesel Emissions

Shvedova

Yanamala

Murray

et al. 2013

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Over the past decade, soy biodiesel (BD) has become a first alternative energy source that is economically viable and meets requirements of the Clean Air Act. Due to lower mass emissions and reduced hazardous compounds compared to diesel combustion emissions (CE), BD exposure is proposed to produce fewer adverse health effects. However, considering the broad use of BD and its blends in different industries, this assertion needs to be supported and validated by mechanistic and toxicological data. Here, adverse effects were compared in lungs and liver of BALB/cJ mice after inhalation exposure (0, 50, 150, or 500 μg/m 3 ; 4 h/d, 5 d/wk, for 4 wk) to CE from 100% biodiesel (B100) and diesel (D100). Compared to D100, B100 CE produced a significant accumulation of oxidatively modified proteins (carbonyls), an increase in 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a reduction of protein thiols, a depletion of antioxidant gluthatione (GSH), a dose-related rise in the levels of biomarkers of tissue damage (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) in lungs, and inflammation (myeloperoxidase, MPO) in both lungs and liver. Significant differences in the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, interferon (IFN) γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected in lungs and liver upon B100 and D100 CE exposures. Overall, the tissue damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cytokine response were more pronounced in mice exposed to Address correspondence to Dr. Anna A. Shvedova, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch (MS-2015), 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. ats1@cdc.gov. This article is not subject to U.S. copyright. Epidemiologic and occupational studies demonstrated that ambient particular matter (PM) and diesel exhaust particles exert deleterious effects on human health, including exacerbation of preexisting lung disease, increased incidence of respiratory infections, decrement in lung capacity, and enhanced risk of lung cancer (Sawyer et al., 2010;LaGier et al., 2013). According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), elevated levels of airborne PM, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides contribute to serious health problems in the United States, producing increased acute respiratory symptoms, chronic bronchitis, and aggravation of asthma, cardiovascular diseases, and premature mortality (Ghio et al., 2012). The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) recently identified diesel combustion emissions (CE) as a Group 1 human carcinogen after chronic exposure (Benbrahim-Tallaa et al., 2012). Diesel exhaust particles are mainly aggregates of spherical carbon particles coated with inorganic and organic substances. The inorganic fraction primarily consists of small solid carbon (or elemental carbon) PM ranging from 0.01 to 0.08 microns in diameter. The organic fraction is composed of organic compounds such as aldehydes, alkanes and alkenes, and high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and PAH derivatives, such as nitro-PA...

show abstract

“…Other studies also reported an association between diesel exposure and increased risk of COPD mortality [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Assessment of Lifetime Occupational Exposure in an Epidemiologic Study of COPD

Graziani¹,

Doney²,

Hnizdo³

et al. 2012

TOEPIJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ascertainment of lifetime occupational exposures in an epidemiological study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is important in order to investigate its effect on the disease and develop prevention strategies. The aim of our paper is to describe and evaluate a methodology used to assign lifetime occupational exposure to participants in a case-control study of COPD where lifetime occupational history was ascertained through telephone questionnaire interviews.The methodology involved assigning to each individual a qualitative index of potential exposure to eight occupational hazards, summarized individually overall the job categories reported by the individual, and an overall qualitative index of lifetime exposure to all eight hazards. The eight occupational hazards scored were mineral dusts, metal dusts/fumes, organic dusts, irritant gases/vapors, sensitizers, organic solvents, diesel exhaust, and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Two industrial hygienists independently assigned the above indices based on: their expert opinion, a priori knowledge based on literature review, and study participants' responses to interviewer questions regarding types and duration of exposure. To evaluate agreement of the assigned scores, we used the Kappa statistic to test the agreement between the two scorers on each of the indices. The Kappa statistic generally indicated good agreement between the industrial hygienists' scores but varied by exposure from 0.42 to 0.86. Although the exposure scoring is somewhat subjective, it is based on experience of experts and review of the literature. This method, with subject interviews providing qualitative lifetime exposure data when air monitoring has not been conducted, is useful for reconstructing lifetime exposures.

show abstract

Lung Cancer in Railroad Workers Exposed to Diesel Exhaust

Cited by 194 publications

References 46 publications

Tri-fuel (diesel-biodiesel-ethanol) emulsion characterization, stability and the corrosion effect

Tri-fuel (diesel-biodiesel-ethanol) emulsion characterization, stability and the corrosion effect

Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Toxicity in Mouse Lung and Liver after Inhalation Exposure to 100% Biodiesel or Petroleum Diesel Emissions

Assessment of Lifetime Occupational Exposure in an Epidemiologic Study of COPD

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About