Lung cancer in childhood

Epstein, David; Aronchick, Judith M.

doi:10.1002/mpo.2950170532

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype of non-small cell lung cancer and comprises a spectrum of malignant epithelial neoplasms characterized by glandular differentiation or mucus production. Since the 1983 review by Hartman and Shochat (1), a small number of sporadic lung adenocarcinomas, most of which have been found in conjunction with CPAM, have been reported in young patients (91)(92)(93). Other reports (94,95) have shown pediatric patients with tumors resembling adenocarcinoma who were being treated for other primary nonpulmonary malignancies; in most cases, these lung lesions were classified as secondary malignancies.…”

Section: Adenocarcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Lung Tumors in Children: Radiologic-Pathologic CorrelationFrom the Radiologic Pathology Archives

Lichtenberger¹,

Biko²,

Carter³

et al. 2018

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Primary lung tumors in children are rare, with a narrow range of diagnostic considerations. However, the overlapping imaging appearances of these tumors necessitate attention to key discriminating imaging and pathologic features. In the neonate and infant, the important considerations include pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB), infantile fibrosarcoma, and fetal lung interstitial tumor. Among these tumors, imaging findings such as air-filled cysts in type 1 PPB and homogeneously low attenuation of fetal lung interstitial tumors are relatively specific. Key pathologic and genetic discriminators among this group of tumors include the DICER1 germline mutation found in PPB and the t(12,15)(p13;q25) translocation and ETV6-NTRK3 fusion gene seen in infantile fibrosarcoma. Primary lung tumors in older children include inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs), carcinoid salivary gland-type tumors of the lung, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, and other rare entities. IMT, a spindle-cell proliferation with inflammatory elements, is the most common lung tumor in children. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase, a receptor-type protein tyrosine kinase, is present in 50% of these tumors, and this finding may support an imaging diagnosis of IMT. Carcinoid tumors account for a substantial portion of childhood lung tumors, and their characteristic avid enhancement on images corresponds to the compressed fibrovascular stroma histologically. Furthermore, novel imaging agents used with somatostatin receptor analogs have an emerging role in the evaluation of carcinoid tumors. Although less common than mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma tends to recur given the perineural spread seen histologically. Integrating radiologic and pathologic knowledge is critical to accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and surveillance of primary lung tumors in children.Abbreviations: CPAM = congenital pulmonary airway malformation, FDG = fluorodeoxyglucose, FLIT = fetal lung interstitial tumor, GLUT1 = glucose transporter 1, IMT = inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, NUT = nuclear protein in testis, PPB = pleuropulmonary blastoma, RRP = recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

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Section: Adenocarcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Lung Tumors in Children: Radiologic-Pathologic CorrelationFrom the Radiologic Pathology Archives

Lichtenberger¹,

Biko²,

Carter³

et al. 2018

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“…Multiple studies cite nonspecific presenting symptoms such as persistent cough, treated with several courses of antibiotics before the diagnosis, and only 6% of pediatric lung cancers appear to be truly asymptomatic at presentation. 2,4,9,11,12 Other common presentations include chest pain, wheeze, hemoptysis, and occasionally symptoms due to metastatic disease. 10 Persistent radiological abnormalities or incidental findings on screening imaging may also lead to the diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenocarcinoma of the Lung in Childhood and Adolescence: A Systematic Review

Balzer

Loo

Lewis

et al. 2018

Journal of Thoracic Oncology

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Primary lung cancer is extremely rare in children. It often presents with metastatic disease and carries a poor prognosis. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of bronchogenic carcinoma in children and adults. Our aim was to systematically review the presenting features, approach to diagnosis and management, as well as the outcomes of primary pediatric adenocarcinoma of the lung. This systematic review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO. The following databases were searched: Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for English language cases of primary pediatric adenocarcinoma of the lung. Forty-eight studies were included, comprising 62 patients with adenocarcinoma and 21 cases of adenocarcinoma in situ. Presenting features were nonspecific, with cough and dyspnea the main symptoms at diagnosis. The majority of patients with adenocarcinoma had metastatic disease at diagnosis. Surgery was the most common form of management. More than half the patients with adenocarcinoma had died at final follow-up, whereas 5 of 21 with adenocarcinoma in situ died. Medical management did not improve outcomes, except for two ALK receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK)-rearranged adenocarcinomas that responded to ALK inhibitor therapy alone. Primary pediatric adenocarcinoma of the lung is a rare entity which often presents with metastatic disease and portends a poor prognosis. Surgery is associated with disease-free status, although new agents such as ALK-inhibitors are able to prolong life without surgical management.

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“…The association with cigarette smoking explains to a great extent its rarity in children in whom, unlike adults, the histopathologic distribution shows a predominance of ADK and SCC (80%) over the squamous cell type (12%) [2]. The fact that it is impossible to differentiate squamous cell carcinomas, ADK, and large-cell carcinomas on the basis of their response to therapy has led these tumors to be grouped together under the term ''nonsmall cell lung cancers'' (NSCLC).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most frequent, accounting for 17% of the malignancies, were adenocarcinomas (ADK) and small-cell carcinomas (SCC). As in adults, these last tumors were characterized by their aggressive behavior and poor prognosis [2].Composite neoplasms, comprising both epithelial and neuroendocrine elements, are very unusual and before this have not been reported in a child. Such a tumor was found in an 8-year-old boy without any noteworthy medical history, who was seen by us because of swelling of the left orbit of recent onset.…”

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confidence: 99%