Lung and stomach cancer associations with groundwater radon in North Carolina, USA

Messier, Kyle P.; Serre, Marc L.

doi:10.1093/ije/dyw128

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The WHO report of 2009 [ 26 ], as well as other reports [ 27 , 28 ], did not discount possible effects of radon on cancers other than lung cancer. Radon has been examined in several studies of non-lung cancers, including esophageal cancer [ 29 ], stomach cancer [ 27 , 30 ] and leukemia [e.g., 28 , 31–33 ]. A large case-control study of radon and childhood leukemia in Denmark found a significant association that was not confirmed in population-based studies in Switzerland and Norway [ 34–36 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

County level incidence rates of chronic lymphocytic leukemia are associated with residential radon levels

et al. 2017

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Aim:We previously reported that incidence rates for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) among US states are significantly correlated with levels of residential radon (RR). Because these correlations could be influenced by confounding and/or misclassification among large geographic units, we reinvestigated them using smaller geographic units that better reflect exposure and disease at the individual level.Methods:We examined the relationships between CLL and RR per county in 478 counties with publicly-available data.Results:After adjustment for ultraviolet radiation, a possible risk factor for CLL, county rates for CLL and RR were significantly correlated among males and females both together and separately (p < 0.0001).Conclusion:CLL is significantly associated with RR at the county level.

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confidence: 99%

County level incidence rates of chronic lymphocytic leukemia are associated with residential radon levels

et al. 2017

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“…However, neither factor was directly related to CRC rates. Although radon in groundwater has been associated with lung and with stomach cancer, to our knowledge, there is little evidence for an association between radon and CRC [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

An exploration of colorectal cancer incidence rates in North Dakota, USA, via structural equation modeling

Schwartz

Klug

Rundquist

2019

Int J Colorectal Dis

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Purpose The state of North Dakota has one of the highest incidence rates for colorectal cancer in the USA. Its high incidence rate, coupled with a large variation in incidence rates among counties within the state, makes North Dakota a "natural laboratory" in which to investigate environmental clues to colorectal cancer. We conducted a hypothesis-generating study to explore potential determinants of colorectal cancer in North Dakota. Methods We obtained county-specific incidence rates for North Dakota's 53 counties from the statewide cancer registry and corresponding data on county demographic, agricultural, and geophysical features from population-based sources. Candidate demographic/agricultural variables included median household income, population density, colorectal cancer screening rates, average farm size (in acres), and the percent of county fertilized. Geophysical variables included the uranium content of soil, residential radon levels, and source of drinking water (municipal or well water). Statistical analyses were performed via multivariate regression and structural equation modeling.Results Colorectal cancer incidence rates across North Dakota counties varied 3-fold. The structural equation model identified a significant role for well water use (p < 0.05). This finding is consistent with studies that implicate well water in colorectal cancer. Conclusions Well water contains several agents, e.g., bacteria, disinfection by-products, and nitrates that are potent colorectal carcinogens. Studies of well water use and colorectal cancer risk at the individual level in North Dakota are warranted.

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“…In a retrospective analysis that compared Rn levels for each county in Pennsylvania to the incidence and mortality of gastrointestinal cancer, a positive correlation was found for stomach cancer in females, and the mortality of stomach cancer for male, female, and total population [ 88 ]. Messier et al provided epidemiological evidence of a positive association between groundwater Rn concentration and an increase in the probability of a stomach cancer [ 87 ]. Moreover, Lopez-Abente evaluated the cancer mortality in Galicia and residential Rn levels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental/Occupational Exposure to Radon and Non-Pulmonary Neoplasm Risk: A Review of Epidemiologic Evidence

Mozzoni

Pinelli

Corradi

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Although Radon (Rn) is a known agent for lung cancer, the link between Rn exposure and other non-pulmonary neoplasms remains unclear. The aim of this review is to investigate the role of Rn in the development of tumors other than lung cancer in both occupational and environmental exposure. Particularly, our attention has been focused on leukemia and tumors related to brain and central nervous system (CNS), skin, stomach, kidney, and breast. The epidemiologic literature has been systematically reviewed focusing on workers, general population, and pediatric population. A weak increase in leukemia risk due to Rn exposure was found, but bias and confounding factors cannot be ruled out. The results of studies conducted on stomach cancer are mixed, although with some prevalence for a positive association with Rn exposure. In the case of brain and CNS cancer and skin cancer, results are inconclusive, while no association was found for breast and kidney cancers. Overall, the available evidence does not support a conclusion that a causal association has been established between Rn exposure and the risk of other non-pulmonary neoplasms mainly due to the limited number and heterogeneity of existing studies. To confirm this result, a statistical analysis should be necessary, even if it is now not applicable for the few studies available.

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Lung and stomach cancer associations with groundwater radon in North Carolina, USA

Cited by 24 publications

References 44 publications

County level incidence rates of chronic lymphocytic leukemia are associated with residential radon levels

County level incidence rates of chronic lymphocytic leukemia are associated with residential radon levels

An exploration of colorectal cancer incidence rates in North Dakota, USA, via structural equation modeling

Environmental/Occupational Exposure to Radon and Non-Pulmonary Neoplasm Risk: A Review of Epidemiologic Evidence

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