Lumpy skin disease outbreaks in Egypt during 2017-2018 among sheeppox vaccinated cattle: Epidemiological, pathological, and molecular findings

Abstract

The General Organization of the Veterinary Services in Egypt has adopted a sheeppox vaccination policy to control lumpy skin disease (LSD) in cattle. Over the course of the last two years, recurrent outbreaks were reported, with animals showing severe clinical signs and consequentially higher fatalities than that of cases reported in previous LSD outbreaks. A total of 1050 cattle showing typical clinical signs suggestive of LSD were clinically and pathologically investigated during 2017–2018. Skin nodules were collected and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) was screened in collected skin samples using PCR for the RPO-30 gene. Furthermore, the entire P32 protein coding gene was sequenced. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the skin nodules were also conducted. The obtained results showed an overall mortality rate of 6.86%. LSDV was confirmed in all the examined nodules as evidenced by immunohistochemistry and positive PCR amplification of the RPO30 gene. Sequencing analysis of the P32 gene revealed a highly conserved nature and genetic stability of the LSDV. The results of the present study show that the current vaccination protocol was not effective for a multitude of reasons. These results also serve as evidence for a strong recommendation of an amendment of homologous vaccine use aside from a complete coverage of cattle populations in order to reduce the incidence of LSD among cattle population in Egypt.

Tick-borne diseases in Egypt: A one health perspective

“…appendiculatus have been implicated in the transmission of LSD in endemic areas [ 191 ]. In Egypt, recurrent outbreaks associated with devastating economic losses among cattle have recently been reported despite the adoption of the sheep pox vaccination strategy by the Egyptian government [ 192 ]. The LSD virus was isolated from different stages of Rh.…”

First detection and phylogenetic analysis of lumpy skin disease virus from Kinmen Island, Taiwan in 2020

“…The invading LSDV was similar to those discovered in China in 2019, evidenced by our phylogenetic analyses. A few viral genomic regions, GPCR gene [20,22], ORF011, ORF012, ORF036 [16], P32 gene [21], and RPO30 gene [3,19], have been used in studying phylogeny of LSDV isolates.…”

Lumpy Skin Disease: A Threat to the Livestock Industry - A Review

“…At postmortem, edematous, and congested lungs along with nodules in the respiratory tract especially lungs and GI tract were present (Coetzer 2004;Zeynalova et al 2016;Rouby et al 2021). Tissues of digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tract such as the muzzle, lips (inner side), gingiva, dental pad, nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, abomasum, teats, udder, and reproductive tract in male and female could show lesions of the LSD.…”