Lumpy skin disease: history, current understanding and research gaps in the context of recent geographic expansion

Mazloum, Ali; Van Schalkwyk, Antoinette; Babiuk, Shawn; Venter, Estelle; Wallace, David B.; Sprygin, Alexander

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1266759

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…With the recent emergence of recombinant vaccines, such as strains exhibiting transmission without arthropod activity ( 31 , 32 ), efforts have been made to determine the contribution of all forms. The studies led by Sprygin et al analyzed the biological features of recombinant strains, demonstrating that recombinant strains not only show altered properties on cell culture but also overwinter in northern latitudes ( 31 , 40 , 42 , 43 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subclinical infection caused by a recombinant vaccine-like strain poses high risks of lumpy skin disease virus transmission

Shumilova,

Prutnikov,

Mazloum

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a transboundary viral infection, affecting cattle with characteristic manifestations involving multiple body systems. A distinctive characteristic of lumpy skin disease is the subclinical disease manifestation wherein animals have viremia and shed the virus through nasal and ocular discharges, while exhibiting no nodules but enlarged lymph nodes that are easily oversighted by inexperienced vets. Further research on the role of subclinically ill animals in the transmission of LSD virus (LSDV) can contribute to the development of more effective tools to control the disease worldwide. Thus, this study aims to determine the potential role of subclinical infection in virus transmission in a non-vector-borne manner. To achieve this, we inoculated animals with the recombinant vaccine-like strain (RVLS) Udmurtiya/2019 to cause clinical and subclinical LSDV infection. After the disease manifestation, we relocated the subclinically ill animals to a new clean facility followed by the introduction of another five animals to determine the role of RVLS-induced subclinical infection in the virus transmission via direct/indirect contact. After the introduction of the naïve animals to the relocated subclinically ill ones in a shared airspace, two introduced animals contracted the virus (clinically and subclinically), showing symptoms of fever, viremia, and seroconversion in one animal, while three other introduced animals remained healthy and PCR-negative until the end of the study. In general, the findings of this study suggest the importance of considering LSDV subclinical infection as a high-risk condition in disease management and outbreak investigations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subclinical infection caused by a recombinant vaccine-like strain poses high risks of lumpy skin disease virus transmission

Shumilova,

Prutnikov,

Mazloum

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…One such viral disease of dairy animals attracted attention of several researchers due to its current epidemic in the Asian countries [3,32] . The LSD has recently become rampant and caused havoc in several northern states of the country [4,34] . The causative agent of this disease comes under family Poxviridae, sub-family Chordopoxvirinae and genus Capripox viruses with other related viruses namely, Sheep Pox and Goat Pox virus [5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerase chain reaction based lumpy skin disease diagnostic test using viral p32 gene

Bishnoi,

Rathore,

Dhial

et al. 2024

Int. J. Adv. Biochem. Res.

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Infectious diseases of animals pose a significant threat to animal health and food security. Recently, several viruses have created significant losses in animal life, economy of India and across the globe. Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), caused by Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) has become rampant among cattle in several northern states of India with dire consequences. LSDV is grouped under genus Capripoxvirus of family Poxviridae. Capripoxviruses are cross-reactive within the genus, therefore sheep pox or goat pox vaccines have been used to provide cross protection against lumpy skin disease virus. The diagnosis of LSDV relies on ELISA, FAT, western blotting, Polymerase chain reaction, etc. PCR being the most preferred diagnostic test for LSDV, however the method prescribed by OIE lack specificity. Therefore, the investigation was initiated with the objective to enhance sensitivity and specificity of the PCR method for diagnosis. It included optimization of PCR based method which is able to detect LSD and its differentiation with Goat Pox and Sheep pox Viruses. The method was validated by isolation of DNA from 18 samples of LSDV affected animals, 2 samples from apparently healthy animals, goat pox, sheep pox and camel pox virus. The method efficiently detected the organism from all the 18 sample of LSDV affected animals and reacted negatively with 2 samples from healthy animals, sheep pox, goat pox and camel pox. The method offered remarkable limit of detection of 17.78 pg of DNA template.

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“…The inactivated-strain Neethling vaccine shows variable efficacy across regions [16][17][18][19]. The recombinant vaccines for Kenya sheep-1(KS-1) protect against LSDV, whereas the LSD OBP vaccine shows severe post-vaccinal reactions [20,21]. Despite these efforts, there are no DIVA (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals) or subunit vaccines available for LSD [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Inhibitors of Lumpy Skin Disease’s Viral Protein (DNA Polymerase): A Combination of Bioinformatics Approaches

Zia,

Sumon,

Ashik

et al. 2024

Animals

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Lumpy skin disease (LSD), caused by a virus within the Poxviridae family and Capripoxvirus genus, induces nodular skin lesions in cattle. This spreads through direct contact and insect vectors, significantly affecting global cattle farming. Despite the availability of vaccines, their efficacy is limited by poor prophylaxis and adverse effects. Our study aimed to identify the potential inhibitors targeting the LSDV-encoded DNA polymerase protein (gene LSDV039) for further investigation through comprehensive analysis and computational methods. Virtual screening revealed rhein and taxifolin as being potent binders among 380 phytocompounds, with respective affinities of −8.97 and −7.20 kcal/mol. Canagliflozin and tepotinib exhibited strong affinities (−9.86 and −8.86 kcal/mol) among 718 FDA-approved antiviral drugs. Simulating the molecular dynamics of canagliflozin, tepotinib, rhein, and taxifolin highlighted taxifolin’s superior stability and binding energy. Rhein displayed compactness in RMSD and RMSF, but fluctuated in Rg and SASA, while canagliflozin demonstrated stability compared to tepotinib. This study highlights the promising potential of using repurposed drugs and phytocompounds as potential LSD therapeutics. However, extensive validation through in vitro and in vivo testing and clinical trials is crucial for their practical application.

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Lumpy skin disease: history, current understanding and research gaps in the context of recent geographic expansion

Cited by 10 publications

References 151 publications

Subclinical infection caused by a recombinant vaccine-like strain poses high risks of lumpy skin disease virus transmission

Subclinical infection caused by a recombinant vaccine-like strain poses high risks of lumpy skin disease virus transmission

Polymerase chain reaction based lumpy skin disease diagnostic test using viral p32 gene

Potential Inhibitors of Lumpy Skin Disease’s Viral Protein (DNA Polymerase): A Combination of Bioinformatics Approaches

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