Lumpy Skin Disease: An insights in Pakistan

Jamil, Muhammad; Latif, Noman; Bano, Raheela; Ali, Syed Akbar; Qaisar, M. Ahsan; Ullah, Naimat; Kashif, Muhammad; Ali, Mubarik; Jabeen, Norina; Nadeem, None Ans; Ullah, Fateh

doi:10.53350/pjmhs22166824

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Cow disease in Pakistan made headlines recently when more than twenty thousand cases were reported in Pakistan. [28] The staff of the Livestock Department received the vaccine; officials say that the vaccine supply will be started in the province, and the immunization against Lumpy Skin will be administered to the animals beginning today. Three hundred eighteen infected animals came to light in Karachi [23].…”

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confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: Mathematical Analysis of the Dynamics of Lumpy Skin Epidemics within Delay Differential Equations

Fadhal,

Raza,

Baleanu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Cattle are susceptible to an infectious condition called lumpy skin disease (LSD). The disease has caused a drop in dairy products and, occasionally, the death of sick cattle, damaging the economies of the affected countries. Thus, a mathematical model is required to aid the disease's optimal eradication. To address this, we offer a novel mathematical model that helps comprehend disease transmission patterns and provides recommendations for the best ways to manage illness. We verify that the solutions are bounded and positive by looking at the suggested model for the presence of a unique solution. To identify the contagiousness of disease and evaluate the proposed model's local and global stability at equilibrium places, we calculate the reproduction number by the next-generation matrix method. Moreover, figures that confirm the theoretical findings of global stability at equilibrium sites are presented. For local stability, we investigate the well-known result as Routh-Hurwitz criteria for the lumpy skin delayed epidemic model. For global stability, we analyze the notable Lyapunov function stability for the lumpy skin delayed epidemic model. We use sensitivity analysis to identify the reproduction number's most important parameters and visually represent their effects. This study aims to examine different illness prevention strategies to determine which works best.

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confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: Mathematical Analysis of the Dynamics of Lumpy Skin Epidemics within Delay Differential Equations

Fadhal,

Raza,

Baleanu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…For example, livestock diseases could spread rapidly and cause significant economic losses for farmers and the industry as a whole (4). Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is one of among these diseases that recently caused significant losses to the farmers (5). A large-scale outbreak of LSD has affected the livelihoods of these families.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large-scale outbreak of LSD has affected the livelihoods of these families. Whereas, for the top 10 countries with the largest buffalo and cattle population (5), LSD was first detected in Pakistan in November 2021 and officially reported by the government on March 4 th , 2022. Since 2022, the disease has spread widely and has affected farmers mostly in all provinces in Pakistan (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since 2022, the disease has spread widely and has affected farmers mostly in all provinces in Pakistan (6). The ongoing presence of LSD in the country highlights the need for continued monitoring and control efforts to mitigate the impacts of this disease on the livestock sector and the livelihood of those dependent on it (5). In addition, Ullah et al (7) reported that the LSD is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cows and buffalo worldwide and effective control and management measures are crucial to prevent the spread of the disease and minimize its impact on the livestock sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LSD is a viral infection that affects animals, especially cows and buffalos (5). The primary mechanism of transmission is through arthropod vectors, such as insects; however, there is also a view that direct contact with infected animals, as well as exposure to contaminated feed and water, may contribute to the spread of the virus (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological and economic consequences of lumpy skin disease outbreaks on farm households in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Saqib,

Yaseen,

Visetnoi

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The livestock sector plays a crucial role in sustaining the livelihoods of millions of families across the world, especially in developing countries. However, farming households that rely on agriculture and livestock are particularly susceptible to the impacts of various infectious diseases and natural disasters. This study focuses on estimating the economic burden imposed on households by lumpy skin disease (LSD) in Pakistan and explores the effect of various socioeconomic factors on mortality ratio. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey from 406 farmers and were analyzed through descriptive statistics to calculate the monetary losses. In addition, the study employed fractional probit regression to identify factors affecting mortality ratio. The results demonstrate significant economic impacts of LSD on farm households in Pakistan, leading to direct and indirect losses and reduced milk productivity. Exotic cows were found to be more susceptible to mortality compared to indigenous cows. The study also found that farmers’ education, experience, household income per month, vaccination, domestic-commercial, commercial animals, and access to information were negatively associated with mortality. The findings of this study emphasize the need for preventative measures such as affordable vaccines, treatment, and improved livestock health and welfare to mitigate the negative effects of LSD on farmers’ income and the local economy.

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Lumpy Skin Disease: A Fast Growing Transboundary Disease in Many Countries of Different Continents Including Pakistan

Javed,

Ali,

Farooq

et al. 2023

JIS

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The lumpy skin disease is a viral infection in which many nodules are appeared on skin and other parts of body in animals. This virus, lump skin disease virus (LSDV) belongs to capripox virus genus is the main cause of lumpy skin disease (LSD). It is an acute or sub-acute systemic viral disorder of buffalo and cattle. It is recently discovered disease of cattle which is putting a negative impact on economy of dairy industry in Asia. The rounded Nodules on skin is the early symptom of LSD in clinical investigation. The nodules in the mucous membranes of nose and mouth, subcutaneous edema, emaciation, and exaggerated lymphadenopathy are additional clinical symptoms of this disease. Mortality rates is about 3 % in endemic regions of Asia while the morbidity is upto10%. The LSDV is transmitted through the entry of blood from outsource by biting of arthropods including mosquitoes and flies from infected animal to healthy one. To control the dispersal of LSDV, infected animals should be quarantined, restricted its movement and place them in a place of no entry of vectors, arthropods. The recent review investigated new knowledge on several facets of the disorder, including its distribution, transmission, origin, pathophysiology, host vulnerability, diagnosis, preventiand therapeutic approaches. Lumpy skin disease virus belongs to Poxviridae family and genus, Capripoxvirus. It cause acute to fatal infection in cattle. Lumpy skin disease results in loss of weight, infertility, abortion in cows and reduction in milk production. In this way this disease has a serious threat to economy of Middle East, European and African countries due to loss of meat and dairy products. LSD is becoming a global threat mainly in region of Middle East and Europe due to trading patterns and climate change as well. LSDV is spreading from one to another through vectors like flies and insects which bite these infected animal and suck blood from their skin and transfer the causative agent from infected animals to healthy one. There are number of factors upon which the spreading of LSDV depends including, environment, humidity, temperature and regions where vectors of its dispersal are more. This disease is spreading at its high at the end of summer season when there is more humidity in air and autumn. Its control is done by vaccination and quarantine of infected animal to prevent its contact with the healthy animals.

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Lumpy Skin Disease: An insights in Pakistan

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

WITHDRAWN: Mathematical Analysis of the Dynamics of Lumpy Skin Epidemics within Delay Differential Equations

WITHDRAWN: Mathematical Analysis of the Dynamics of Lumpy Skin Epidemics within Delay Differential Equations

Epidemiological and economic consequences of lumpy skin disease outbreaks on farm households in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Lumpy Skin Disease: A Fast Growing Transboundary Disease in Many Countries of Different Continents Including Pakistan

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