Lumpy skin disease: An emerging bovine viral infection in India

Ahmed, N.; Doley, Sunil; Barlaskar, S.A.; Nath, Andavindra; Yadav, Shalu

doi:10.36062/ijah.59.2.2020.137-142

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Te disease was frst reported in the Iran and the Russian Federation in 2014 and 2015, respectively [25]. LSD cases were frst reported in China and India in 2019 [4,26]. Te disease was frst reported in Tailand in 2020; the virus isolated from the diseased animals had the same genotype as that reported in China (2019) and showed a similar homology to the virus isolated from Russia (2017) [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Risk Factors and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Lumpy Skin Disease Occurrence in the Asian Continent during 2012–2022: An Ecological Niche Model

Zhen

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging transboundary infectious disease of animals with high morbidity and low mortality rates. The infection occurs in cattle, buffalo, and some closely related wild animals, with cattle and buffalo showing higher susceptibility than other species. The primary mode of disease transmission is the mechanical dispersion of bloodsucking insects. The disease symptoms, including animal fur damage, weight loss, decline in milk production, infertility, and miscarriage, lead to huge economic losses in regions and countries with LSD outbreaks. The present study aimed to analyze the incidence data of LSD in the Asian continent from January 2012 to September 2022, identify spatiotemporal clusters and risk factors of the disease, and establish a maximum entropy ecological niche model to predict high-risk areas for disease outbreaks. The studied variables included bioclimatic factors, land type, and population density. Following the screening process, 12 variables were included in the maximum entropy model. Among them, the variable contribution rates of cattle density, land cover, isothermality, buffalo density, and maximum temperature of the warmest month were 53.8%, 10.9%, 9.2%, 8.9%, and 8%, respectively. Accounting for more than 90% of the total variable contribution rate, these five variables were considered to be the important influencing factors of LSD outbreaks. According to the results, nine spatiotemporal clusters approximately matched the high-risk areas predicted by the model. The Caucasus region of Russia; the Russian border areas of Kazakhstan, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and Israel; and the western regions of Iran, India, and Southeast Asia were predicted to be high-risk areas. Thus, this study provides the spatiotemporal clusters, risk factors, and high-risk areas of LSD outbreaks in the Asian continent, which can help formulate more effective disease prevention and control policies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Recently, large outbreaks of lumpy skin disease (LSD) have been reported in previously disease-free areas such as Tailand [1], Nepal [2], Vietnam [3], and India [4]. Tese regions have witnessed a surge in the number of cases of this disease, and a new transboundary epidemic is emerging [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Lumpy Skin Disease Occurrence in the Asian Continent during 2012–2022: An Ecological Niche Model

Zhen

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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“…LSD follows an incubation period spanning from 4 days to 4 weeks and clinically, manifests in acute, subacute, and chronic forms, affecting cattle of all age groups and breeds [1]. However, among cattle, Bos taurus is more susceptible to the disease compared to Bos indicus and African water buffalo are clinically susceptible to LSD [14]. The clinical signs typically begin with a fever (40 • C to 41.5 • C), accompanied by increased oro-nasal, pharyngeal, and lachrymal secretions, swelling of superficial lymph nodes, loss of appetite, reduced milk production, and depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Yak (Bos grunniens): An Evidence of Species Spillover from Cattle in India

Manjunatha Reddy,

Pabbineedi,

Nagaraj

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Lumpy skin disease (LSD), caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), is a global concern that affects cattle and buffalo. Recently, the disease has been reported in new species such as the Indian Gazelle, Camel, Banteng, Gaur, and Giraffe from various parts of the world. This report provides an insight into the occurrence of LSD in Yak from Sikkim, a North-Eastern state of India. During the investigation, both cattle and yak exhibited typical clinical signs of LSD, including skin nodular lesions. The morbidity, mortality, and case fatality rates for cattle were 9.08%, 1.84%, and 20.24%, respectively. Similarly, the morbidity, mortality, and case fatality rates in yak were 7.57%, 1.24%, and 16.33%, respectively. The virus isolation and amplification of LSDV-specific genes confirmed the presence of LSDV in cattle, yak, and vectors. Further, demonstrated antibodies in randomly collected sera from naïve and unvaccinated cattle and yak using indirect Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (iELISA) and Serum Neutralisation test (SNT) from this region. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of P32, GPCR, and RPO30 genes revealed that the virus isolated from both species was 100% identical to each other and also closely related to the field LSDV isolates circulating in the Indian subcontinent. The study highlighted the emergence of LSDV in unconventional hosts and underscored the need to include other bovine species in national disease control programs, encompassing disease surveillance initiatives.

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“…The infection then spreads to nearby lymph nodes, causing inflammation. The virus replicates in endothelial cells present in lymphatic and blood vessels, causing both regional and systemic reactions leading to vasculitis and lymphadenitis (Ahmed et al, 2020). While in severe conditions edema, necrosis, thrombosis and other symptoms may be observed which produces an epitheliotropic condition (Raja et al).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The devastation of Lumpy skin disease in third world countries: a mini – review on the current status of the disease focusing phytochemicals

Menahil Rauf,

Zoya Zaheer,

Yaseen Hussain

et al. 2023

PHYTONutrients

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Lumpy skin disease is a rising bovine viral illness that is widespread in most African and Middle Eastern nations, with a high probability of disease transmission throughout the Asia and Europe. The causative agent is capripoxivirus endangering hundreds of dairy cattle across the country in recent years. The LSD virus infects cattle and buffaloes and results in nodular skin sores all over their bodies. This results in chronic debility, decreased milk supply, poor development, infertility, abortion, and other issues in cattle and buffaloes infrequently leading to death of animals. The only infected animal species are cattle and water buffalo, both of which have high morbidity and low mortality rates. However, mortality rates are greater in calf populations. LSD causes sterility in males and abortions in female cattle. This mini review highlights existing information on epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and potential role of phytochemicals particularly turmeric and aloe vera in treating lumpy skin disease.

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Lumpy skin disease: An emerging bovine viral infection in India

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Risk Factors and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Lumpy Skin Disease Occurrence in the Asian Continent during 2012–2022: An Ecological Niche Model

Risk Factors and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Lumpy Skin Disease Occurrence in the Asian Continent during 2012–2022: An Ecological Niche Model

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Yak (Bos grunniens): An Evidence of Species Spillover from Cattle in India

The devastation of Lumpy skin disease in third world countries: a mini – review on the current status of the disease focusing phytochemicals

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