Lumps and Bumps on the Head in Children: Use of CT and MR Imaging in Solving the Clinical Diagnostic Dilemma

A 4-Week-Old Infant with Scalp Swelling in the Parietal Region

“…6 They occur typically in the parietal region but may also be encountered in occipital regions. 1 The common theories that have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of this condition include incomplete involution of a meningoencephalocele that was formed early in fetal life and persistent nuchal bleb. 7 They are usually a small, flat, midline solid or cystic lesion in the vertex due to variable amount of proliferation of fibrous tissue, blood vessels, and neural tissue.…”

“…8,9 Presence of a linear fibrous stalk that connects to the dura mater through a small skull defect is an important clue in the diagnosis of atretic parietal encephalocele. 1,10 This entity is commonly associated with intracranial venous abnormality similar to enlarged bilateral foramina, such as absence or hypoplasia or vertically oriented embryonic straight sinus with an alternative venous drainage via persistent falcine sinus. 7,11 Other associated abnormalities include abnormally high position of the falx and tentorial junction with a prominent superior cerebellar cistern, fenestration of the superior sagittal sinus, midline defects such as porencephaly, and corpus callosal agenesis.…”

“…Dermoid cysts usually demonstrate a varying degree of fat, and epidermoid cysts appear bright on diffusion-weighted images. 1,2 In general, atretic encephalocele has a good prognosis. 2 Patients may experience pain because of stretching of dura mater and may also have overlying skin ulcerations.…”

Transsellar Transsphenoidal Encephalocele: MRI Features

“…TTE'de MRG, herniasyon kesesi içerisinde bulunabilecek nörovasküler yapıların ve eşlik eden diğer santral sinir sistemi anomalilerin değerlendirilmesinde en değerli yöntemdir. Cerrahi operasyon planlanan olgularda ise herniasyon kesesinin, çevre vasküler yapılarla ilişkisini ortaya koymada manyetik rezonans anjiyografi oldukça faydalıdır [8]. TTE'li olgularda BOS rinoresi ve solunum zorluğu bulunabilir.…”

Radiological Approach to Osteolytic Benign Calvarial Lesions

“…Calvarial lesions form the osteolytic lesions by causing erosion and destruction in these layers. These lesions can be classified as structural, congenital, inflammatory, neoplastic and traumatic or primary and secondary or benign and malignant 1,2 . If the lesion originates directly from calvarial bone, it is called as primary lesion.…”