Lumped-Parameter Circuit Platform for Simulating Typical Cases of Pulmonary Hypertensions from Point of Hemodynamics

Abstract

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) presents unusual hemodynamic states characterized by abnormal high blood pressure in pulmonary artery. The objective of this study is to simulate how the hemodynamics develops in typical PH cases without treatment. A lumped-parameter circuit platform of human circulation system is set up to simulate hemodynamic abnormalities of PH in different etiologies and pathogenesis. Four typical cases are considered, which are distal pulmonary artery stenosis, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, ventricular septal defect, and mitral stenosis. The authors propose regulation laws for chambers and vessels to adapt the abnormal hemodynamic conditions for each PH case. The occurrence and development of each PH case are simulated over time using the lumped-parameter circuit platform. The blood pressure, blood flow, pressure-volume relations for chambers and vessels are numerically calculated for each case of PH progression. The model results could be a quite helpful to understand the hemodynamic mechanism of typical PHs.

Object‐Oriented Lumped‐Parameter Modeling of the Cardiovascular System for Physiological and Pathophysiological Conditions

“…In the electrical domain, these elements correspond to diodes, preventing backflow from the great arteries into the ventricles and from the ventricles into the atria. [ 48–53 ] Conversely, elimination of this valve could be used to model several pathological conditions, including valvular insufficiency or regurgitation.…”

The Critical Role of Lumped Parameter Models in Patient-Specific Cardiovascular Simulations

“…It offers a method to enhance current medical imaging and transform it into a comprehensive patient-centered predictive framework which can improve the availability of data in a range of scenarios such as post-operative follow-up examinations [10,103]. Finally, it allows researchers and clinicians to study cardiovascular diseases in an in-silico setting, allowing for a unique method to study disease mechanisms and interactions with local and global hemodynamics as well as cardiac behaviour [15,16,45,46,[104][105][106][107].…”

“…While the double-Hill representation tends to be the more commonly used function, other authors have used different mathematical functions to model time varying elastance [66, 69, 81, 124-126]. Tang et al [104] for instance, used a combination of Gaussian functions to simulate the heart chambers in a lumped parameter model aimed at studying the abnormal hemodynamic mechanisms related to pulmonary hypertension.…”

“…Lumped parameter models that incorporate non-invasive personalized cardiac parameters offer a unique way to generate these personalized PV loops in a rapid and non-invasive manner. Additionally, they can be used to study the impact of different treatment options and treatment priorities in a patient-specific manner [28,72,104,105,131]. In recent work, Motamed [42] used a personalized lumped parameter model with a time varying elastance heart model and noninvasive parameters to evaluate how different intervention options would impact the cardiac workload for a patient with multiple valvular diseases based on PV loops (Fig.…”

Dynamic simulation of aortic valve stenosis using a lumped parameter cardiovascular system model with flow regime dependent valve pressure loss characteristics

“…[10], [11], [12], [13]. Garber et al [6] stated that the heart valve modelling approaches predominantly used in literature, are merely simplifications of the actual valve mechanics and does not take into account the local haemodynamics such as mechanical forces and valve motion.…”