We report on the conformational flexibility of
1,3-bis(1-pyrenyl)propane (BPP) doped within
tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS)-derived sol−gel materials. In
normal liquid solution, at
low concentrations (∼10-6 M), BPP molecules
do not form any ground-state dimers; however,
on photoexcitation, BPP reorients to form an intramolecular
excited-state dimer (excimer).
We follow, using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence
spectroscopy, the excimer-like
emission from BPP molecules doped within a TMOS-derived sol−gel
monolith throughout
the entire sol−gel to xerogel formation process. Our results
indicate that there are no
detectable ground-state dimers formed even after the xerogel has aged
and dried for 3 months.
In a fresh gel, there is substantial flexibility of the BPP
molecules (like in solution) but the
flexibility becomes restricted or slowed when the xerogel is formed.
We also observe that
the conformational flexibility of BPP molecules is reduced further if
the solvent is allowed
to escape at a faster rate from the sol−gel matrix. As observed
in dilute BPP solutions, the
fluorescence intensity decay traces for BPP-doped sol−gel-derived
glasses at various stages
in the sol−gel to xerogel aging process are best described by a
triple-exponential decay law.
The time-resolved experiments clearly demonstrate that the BPP
conformational dynamics
are slowed once the xerogel is formed. Together these results
provide information on the
scale over which dopant dynamics can be controlled within
sol−gel-derived composite
materials.