Luminescent Properties and Optical Amplification of Erbium‐Doped Nano‐Engineered Scandium‐Phospho‐Yttria‐Alumina‐Silica Glass Based Optical Fiber

Abstract

In this work, a new erbium (Er) doped nano‐engineered scandium‐phospho‐yttria‐alumina‐silica (SPYAS) glass‐based optical fiber is reported, fabricated through the MCVD process, and solution doping technique, followed by a suitable thermal annealing of pristine preform. The fabrication process comprises the incorporation of erbium doped phase‐separated scandium‐yttria rich crystalline nanoparticles into the core region through in situ process based on phase‐separation and crystal growth phenomena. The material characterization results, obtained from transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction pattern, energy dispersive X‐ray, electron probe micro analysis, and X‐ray fluorescence, confirm the formation of Er2O3 doped crystalline phase‐separated scandium‐yttria rich nanoparticles in the core region. The formation of scandium‐ultra rich nano‐crystalline environment, possessing low photon energy around the erbium ions, enhanced the fluorescence intensity. Such kind of nano‐engineered glass reduces the noise figure around 4.35 dB, and provides broadband optical flat gain with an average value of 38.675 dB, varied by less than ±0. 7 dB spanning over a broad wavelength region of 1530–1590 nm compared to the pristine and Sc free Er‐doped fibers. Such kind of nano‐engineered glass based Er doped fiber will be useful for making highly efficient optical amplifiers, suitable for present broadband optical communication systems.

Construction of Y‐Doped BiVO4 Photocatalysts for Efficient Two‐Electron O2 Reduction to H2O2

“…[30] In addition, in Y 3p high-resolution spectrum (Figure 3e), the Y 3p 3/2 and Y 3p 1/2 correspond to the peaks at 301.0 eV and 312.5 eV, confirming the existence of Y 3 + . [31] In order to investigate the structure of photocatalyst after loading Pd cocatalyst, the XRD, Raman, and XPS analysis are shown in…”

Functionalization of Graphene by π–π Stacking with C60/C70/Sc3N@C80 Fullerene Derivatives for Supercapacitor Electrode Materials

“…Both doublets consist of Sc2p 3/2 /Sc2p 1/2 peaks registered at 400.9/405.5 eV and 402.7/407.3 eV. Expected intensity ratio of 2:1 and splitting of 4.6 eV were observed [47] and are clearly attributed to scandium atoms bound to nitrogen and trapped inside of C 80 fullerene core.…”

“…Both doublets consist of Sc2p3/2/Sc2p1/2 peaks registered at 400.9/405.5 eV and 402.7/407.3 eV. Expected intensity ratio of 2:1 and splitting of 4.6 eV were observed [47] and are clearly attributed to scandium atoms bound to nitrogen and trapped inside of C80 fullerene core. Introduction of fullerene malonates onto graphene surface was clearly confirmed by the presence of higher binding energy signals associated with carbonyl carbon atoms from ester functional groups, observed at 288.6-288.9 eV [44].…”

Nano-Structured Optical Fibers Made of Glass-Ceramics, and Phase Separated and Metallic Particle-Containing Glasses

“…During the fabrication of the silica core using the MCVD process, the sintering of the soaked porous core layer, the collapsing of the tube, and the preform drawing steps require many thermal cycles with temperatures up to more than 2000 • C. These thermal cycles last for only a few seconds to a few minutes at each pass or step at specific point of the fiber. Nevertheless, due to this thermal treatment, inherent to the MCVD process, nanoparticles can be formed in situ through the phase separation mechanism by introducing, through the doping solution, alkaline earth elements, such as magnesium [185], calcium [186], or scandium and yttrium ions [187], resulting in the particles of nm-range size. Later, phase separation was obtained for Mg and La-doped silicate fibers [188,189].…”