Luminescent Materials

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1. Inorganic Luminescent Materials 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Historical Aspects 1.3. Luminescence of Crystalline Inorganic Phosphors 1.3.1. Fundamental Steps in Luminescence Processes 1.3.2. Luminescence Mechanisms 1.3.3. Electroluminescence 1.3.4. Excitation with High Energy Particles 1.4. Preparation and Properties of Inorganic Phosphors 1.4.1. Simple Oxides 1.4.2. Borates 1.4.3. Aluminates 1.4.4. Gallates 1.4.5. Silicates 1.4.6. Germanates 1.4.7. Phosphates 1.4.8. Halophosphates 1.4.9. Arsenates 1.4.10. Vanadates 1.4.11. Niobates and Tantalates 1.4.12. Sulfates 1.4.13. Molybdates and Tungstates 1.4.14. Oxysulfides 1.4.15. Sulfides and Selenides 1.4.15.1. Zinc and Cadmium Sulfides and Sulfoselenides 1.4.15.2. Alkaline‐Earth Sulfides and Sulfoselenides 1.4.16. Oxyhalides 1.4.17. Halides 1.4.18. Oxynitrides 1.4.19. Nitrides 1.5. Application Areas of Luminescent Materials 1.5.1. Gas Discharge Lighting 1.5.1.1. Low‐Pressure Mercury Discharge Lamps (Fluorescent Lamps) 1.5.1.2. UV Emitting Fluorescent Lamps 1.5.1.3. High‐pressure Mercury Discharge Lamps 1.5.1.4. High‐Voltage Advertisement Lighting Tubes 1.5.2. Solid State Lighting 1.5.2.1. White Light Emitted by Phosphor Converted LEDs 1.5.2.2. Backlighting Applications of Phosphor Converted LEDs 1.5.2.3. General Lighting Applications of Phosphor Converted LEDs 1.5.3. X‐ray Amplifiers and Scintillators 1.5.4. Cathode Ray Tubes 1.5.5. Product Coding 1.5.6. Safety and Accident Prevention 1.5.7. Dentistry 1.5.8. Medical and Biochemical Applications 1.6. Testing of Industrial Phosphors 1.6.1. Emission Colour 1.6.2. Performance 1.6.3. Particle Morphology 1.6.4. Surface Properties 2. Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence 2.1. Introduction 2.2. History 2.3. Mechanisms of Light Emission 2.4. Efficiency of Light Emission 2.5. Application Areas 2.5.1. Lighting 2.5.2. Chemical Analysis 2.5.3. Biotechnology 2.5.4. Medicine

Tuning Electronic Structure in Layered Hybrid Perovskites with Organic Spacer Substitution

“…When the energy of the weakly bound exciton in the perovskite layer aligns with the energy T 1 of the strongly bound exciton in the organic layer, charge transfer from the perovskite to the organic layer may occur. − After transfer, the T 1 excitation energy in the organic relaxes to a lower T 1 * energy due to enhanced short-range atomic deformation, thus reaching optimal triplet molecular geometry. Phosphorescent photoemission is subsequently measured at the T 1 * excitation energy . The choice and alignment of the exciton energy in the perovskite and T 1 in the organic, and the photoemission energy T 1 * from the organic, are key design parameters leading to different options for LHOP photoemission materials.…”

Host sensitization of Mn4+ in self‐activated Na2WO2F4:Mn4+

“…Self‐activated compound in which lattice constituents are the luminescent species has the capacity to convert high energy light, for example, X‐ray, electron beam or deep/near UV, into visible light, thus enabling their wide applications spreading from laser crystals, X‐ray intensifying screens, fluorescent lamps, white light‐emitting‐diodes (w‐LEDs) to field emission displays (FEDs) …”

Understanding Copper Activation and Xanthate Adsorption on Sphalerite by Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and in Situ Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

“…Sphalerite (zinc sulfide mineral) is the most important source of zinc metal, which is bioabsorbable and known as an essential trace element for life and has many industrial uses such as protective coatings for steel. Zinc sulfide has many applications such as lubricant additives, luminescent materials, and pigments . Flotation has been widely applied by industry to separate and concentrate valuable minerals from gangue. − One critical procedure in sphalerite flotation is to increase the surface hydrophobicity of sphalerite to allow the attachment of air bubbles in a water–ore pulp, in which short-chain thiols, such as xanthate, are normally used as so-called collectors.…”