Luminescence spectroscopy as versatile probes for chemical diagnostics on the solid–liquid interface

Recommendations on the measurement techniques of atmospheric pollutants from in situ and satellite observations: a review

“…It is also suitable to perform in the ambient air temperature TDLAS experiences some limitations due the Laser noise, drifts and general interferometric effects Improved signal processing and advanced high frequency modulation schemes are recommended to upgrade the performance of TDLAS system FTIR (Tuazon et al 1978 ; Bacsik et al 2004 , 2005 ; Arrigone and Hilton 2005 ) FTIR is a dominant spectroscopic method to detect low concentration molecules using IR absorption and emission spectra based on the Fourier transform It can detect the presence of different species simultaneously but the conventional method can detect only one species On mobile platform (aircraft, balloon, boat etc. ), the application of this spectrometer is difficult due to the problem in obtaining the right background reference spectra The calibration and classification for complex mixtures should be handled with care LIFS (Crosley 1982 ; Mohlmann 1985 ; Aoyagi and Saito 2015 ) In LIFS, the Laser is induced to match with the absorption lines of desired molecules, and the fluorescence emission is used to detect by the filter In diagnosis application, LIFS provides the higher degree of selectivity with optimum spatial and temporal resolution This method is suffering from a limitation that is the fluorescent can be derivative to fluorescent analogues intrinsically This technique is recommended for field human activity and cultural heritage preservation CRDS (Wheeler et al 1998 ; Huang and Lehmann 2013 ; Humphries et al 2016 ) CRDS is a popular spectroscopic method for the detection of weak absorption features with low loss optical cavity The specific advantage of this technique is the measuring capability of weakly absorbing species In case of unidentified features, there are some limitations in the applications of multi-species and high temperature environment The use of continuous wave CRDS (cw CRDS) is recommended for the development of advanced instrumentation FRS (Lewickia et al 2009 ; Fang et al 2020 ; Wei et al 2020 ) FRS is a Laser based rotation spectroscopy for measuring the low concentration molecular compounds and their radicals It shows the high ...…”