Luminescence of six J-levels of holmium(III) in barium zirconium fluoride glass at room temperature

Mechanism of the Yb–Er energy transfer in fluorozirconate glass

“…[8][9][10] Also, the 4 I 11/2 → 4 I 13/2 emission of erbium at 2.7 m in fluoride glasses constitutes a very promising system to construct all solid state lasers emitting near 3 m to be applied as surgical instruments. [11][12][13][14] However, the energy level scheme of Er 3ϩ does not favor the optical amplification at 1.5 m because the three levels system involved. On the other hand, ytterbium ions exhibit a higher absorption cross section and a broad absorption band in this spectral region in comparison with erbium.…”

High Yield Luminescence of Lanthanide J‐Levels in Fluoride Glasses with Weak Multiphonon Relaxation

“…On the other hand, hE is close to 2000 cm -1 for ~G4 and ~F3, from which several transitions have been detected (11). It is noted that hE = 10/~ (giving log,~ W = log~0 B -4.34 in Eq.…”

“…The minimum of multiphonon relaxation occurs when aho~ is as small as possible. Among glasses, the lowest value of this product occurs for fluoride glasses (to be discussed below) and two groups (9)(10)(11) agree that both holmium (III) and erbium (III) in the zirconium barium fluoride glass ZBLA (defined below) show log,o B* = 7.9 and a = 0.0055 corresponding to a = 0.37. This a value may be compared to 0.0065 for (4) crystalline LaF~, 0.0049 for germanate, and 0.0047 for tellurite glasses (3) with low phonon energy hr because of low X-O stretching force constant and high atomic weight ofX = Ge and Te.…”

“…This is, for all practical purposes, comparable to "ligand field" separation of the (2J + 1) states ( 2) and can be neglected here. In ZBLA glasses, the luminescence of 4ff europium (III) (23), erbium (9,20), praseodymium ( 14) and 4f '~ holmium (III) (10,11) has been reported. Among these lanthanides, the most significant and most unexpected results are obtained for holmium.…”

“…Among these lanthanides, the most significant and most unexpected results are obtained for holmium. Table I gives the observed lifetimes z and the radiative lifetimes ~R evaluated (10,11) from Judd-Ofelt parameters for 10 J-levels of Ho (III) in ZBLA glass. Further on, the calculated branching ratio (expressing the distribution of the individual transition probabilities adding up to 1/vR) is given in parentheses after the J-level (24), being the final state of the emission for all observed (10, 11) emission lines.…”