Novel rare-earth (Eu 3+ , Sm 3+ , and Pr 3+ ) and transition metal (Mn 4+ ) ions single/co-doped double-perovskite Ca2InTaO6 (CITO) phosphors were prepared and investigated with respect to their crystal structure and photoluminescence (PL) properties. Among them, CITO:Eu 3+ phosphors were found to exhibit an ultra-high internal PL quantum yield (89.1%) and good thermal stability (78.7% at 423 K relative to the initial value at 303 K). As such, the corresponding packaged white lighting-emitting diode (LED) was able to display a remarkable color rendering index (color rendering index = 91.51@10 mA). Besides, the potential in the application of anti-counterfeiting fields and a novel LED structure based on flexible phosphor-converted films were also studied. Moreover, due to their different thermal quenching, trivalent lanthanide (Ln 3+ )/Mn 4+ co-doped CITO phosphors were designed for optical thermometry based on the luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) between different 4f transitions of various Ln 3+ ions and 2 Eg → 4 A2g (Mn 4+ ) transition.Particularly, the LIR between the 4 G5/2 → 6 H9/2 and 2 Eg → 4 A2g peaks of the CITO activated with 5 mol% Sm 3+ and 0.3 mol% Mn 4+ exhibited the most excellent relative sensing sensitivity (3.80% K -1 ) with a beneficial temperature uncertainty of 0.0648 K.Overall, these results are of significance to offer valuable databases for constructing multifunctional high-performance optical platforms using single/co-doped double-perovskite tantalates.