Luminescence Dating: Applications in Earth Sciences and Archaeology

Munyikwa, Ken

doi:10.5772/65119

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…Theoretically, luminescence dating can date various types of minerals, such as calcite, feldspar, quartz, etc. However, in practice, quartz is the most common mineral that is utilized [19][20][21]. In this study, all the slag samples were checked for their mineral composition using XRD analysis before dating.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd) Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luminescence dating of archaeometallurgical slag from Buriram Province, northeastern Thailand

Khamsiri¹,

Venunan²,

Khaokheiw³

et al. 2022

ScienceAsia

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In this study, the possibility of directly dating archaeometallurgical slags is assessed. The enormous slag heaps distributed in the Ban Kruat district, Buriram Province, Thailand, have been interpreted as one of the most prominent archaeometallurgical sites in Mainland Southeast Asia. Therefore, five slag samples were collected from the topmost level of two heaps. The X-ray diffraction measurement of each slag revealed the existence of quartz minerals, which is conceptually useful to luminescence dating. Based on optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) measurements, two of the five samples showed a weak luminescence signal, which was not suitable for OSL dating, and may reflect the lack of quartz minerals. However, the other three quartz-rich slag samples clearly expressed an OSL signal. Therefore, 40 or 96 aliquots of a single aliquot regenerative measurement were employed to date them.With the combination of the activated dose rate obtained from environmental radioactive elements (U, Th, and K), two timespans of iron-smelting activity were defined, as approximately 140 y ago and 470-710 y ago. Compared with the radiocarbon dates of the adjacent slag heap in Buriram (560 ± 280 y BP), the 140-y-old slag heap dated in this study is younger and represents the latest (most recently) datable iron-smelting industry in the Angkor highland (Thailand). Meanwhile, the radiocarbon dates (140 ± 20 y BP) of the slag heap in the Angkor lowland (Cambodia) conformed to the date obtained in this study. Therefore, it is concluded that OSL dating is effective for direct dating of the slag-bearing quartz.

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Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd) Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luminescence dating of archaeometallurgical slag from Buriram Province, northeastern Thailand

Khamsiri¹,

Venunan²,

Khaokheiw³

et al. 2022

ScienceAsia

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show abstract

“…Luminescence dating is a method of determining the age of archaeological, geological, and environmental materials through the measurement of the amount of light emitted when a sample is stimulated. The method is based on the fact that luminescence minerals, such as quartz and feldspar (Munyikwa, 2016), contain trace amounts of radioactivity that emit ionizing radiation, which can cause the accumulation of trapped electrons or "electron holes" in the crystal lattice of the mineral. When these minerals are exposed to sunlight or heat, the trapped electrons are released and the minerals emit light, known as luminescence.…”

Section: Least Cost Path (Lcp) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TL dating was used to date a wide range of archaeological materials, including ceramics, pottery, and burnt material. In the 1990s, the development of OSL dating further expanded the application of luminescence dating that can use the light in stimulation (Munyikwa, 2016). OSL dating can be used to directly date unheated sediments, which was not possible with TL dating, and this creates new opportunities for further research.…”

Section: Least Cost Path (Lcp) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theoretically, luminescence dating can date various types of minerals, such as calcite, feldspar, quartz, etc. However, in practice, quartz is the most common mineral that is utilized (Guedes et al, 2013;Liritzis et al, 2013;Munyikwa, 2016). In this study, all the slag samples were checked for their mineral composition using XRD analysis before dating.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd) Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remote sensing and luminescence dating of archaeological sites in Buriram province, northeastern Thailand

Khamsiri

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This research aims to apply�remote sensing and luminescence dating�to study archaeological sites in Buriram Province, Northeastern Thailand. There are three main objectives including 1) to model the ancient path from the mountain passes along the D?ngr?k mountain to ancient community on Angkor Highland or Northeast Thailand, 2) to directly date slag from the ancient iron smelting site at Ban Sai To 7, and 3) determine the terminal age of Ban Sai To 7 site using technical ceramics. Firstly, the results of the GIS-based least cost path (LCP) route, using topographic factors, show that Ta Muen, Sai Ta Ku, and Krang are the most suitable for transportation between the Khorat plateau and present Cambodia.�These results are consistent with archaeological evidence i.e., Dharmasalas. Most Khmer monuments are located in the vicinity of LCP routes.�Moreover, the LCP route of Ta Muen is significant with the location of the ancient industrial zone in Ban Kruat District. However, most ancient smelting sites were in the Iron Age, although they were assumed to be active during the Khmer period when compared with the relative findings. The major challenge of archaeometallurgy is the limitation of suitable sample for the scientific dating method. Therefore, the�second is to investigate the absolute date of slag in the ancient iron-smelting site at Ban Sai Tho 7 by luminescence dating. The result slag shows the luminescence signal. Therefore, luminescence dating is an effective method to directly date slag. Moreover, the results show that the terminal activity of this site is 140 years ago. This result is in good agreement with the terminal period of ancient iron smelting in Cambodia. Finally, the dates of technical ceramics i.e., furnace and tuyere fragments in the slag heap at Ban Sai Tho 7, show that there were at least two different periods of furnace�construction�including�360-370�years and 1000-1110 years ago. It is indicated that there are many phrases of smelting in one heap. When comparing the ages between slags and technical ceramics, the results of these two materials are in good agreement. Moreover, this finding shows that the large size of the ancient iron-smelting site at Ban Sai Tho 7 came from a long operational lifespan rather than a large operation in a short period.�The route of ancient transportation is significant with the location of ancient industrial zone especially ancient iron-smelting sites that had been since the Iron Age, the Khmer Period and the post-Khmer period.

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Luminescence Dating: Applications in Earth Sciences and Archaeology

Cited by 2 publications

References 83 publications

Luminescence dating of archaeometallurgical slag from Buriram Province, northeastern Thailand

Luminescence dating of archaeometallurgical slag from Buriram Province, northeastern Thailand

Remote sensing and luminescence dating of archaeological sites in Buriram province, northeastern Thailand

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