The
ionic partition property and transfer mechanism of the anthraquinone
antitumor agent mitoxantrone (MTX) were studied in detail at the water|1,2-dichloroethane
(DCE) interface by means of surface-sensitive spectroelectrochemical
techniques. The interfacial mechanism of the cationic MTX species
was composed of potential-driven ion transfer and adsorption processes.
The ion association between MTX and zwitterionic polyamidoamine (PAMAM)
dendrimers with peripheral carboxy groups was also investigated in
terms of the effects of pH and dendritic generation. The monovalent
HMTX+ interacted effectively with the negatively charged
dendrimers at neutral pH, while the divalent H2MTX2+ exhibited a weak association under acidic conditions. The
higher stability of the dendrimer–MTX associates in the interfacial
region was found for higher dendritic generations: G3.5 ≥ G2.5
> G1.5. The interfacial behavior of MTX and its dendrimer associates
was further analyzed at the phospholipid-modified interface as a model
biomembrane surface. The adsorption process of HMTX+ occurred
mainly on the hydrophilic side of the phospholipid layer. The spectroelectrochemical
results indicated that the dendrimers penetrate into the phospholipid
layer and alter the transfer mechanism of HMTX+ across
the interface.