Lumbosacral Stenosis and Injury of the Cauda Equina

Lumbosacral Stenosis in 29 Military Working Dogs: Epidemiologic Findings and Outcome After Surgical Intervention (1990–1999)

“…It can involve multiple parts of the lumbosacral joint and is thought to be related to intervertebral disk degeneration 2 . DLS occurs in older, large‐breed dogs and working dogs, and German shepherds are reported to be disproportionately affected 3–9 . Cauda equina syndrome is a general term used to describe clinical signs seen with conditions that cause compression, inflammation, destruction, displacement, or vascular disruption to the nerve roots of the cauda equina.…”

Surgical Treatment of Degenerative Lumbosacral Stenosis in Dogs

“…Medium and large dogs are most commonly affected with DLSS 2,3,6 . Reports on breed disposition have varied, but the German Shepherd breed appears to be most frequently affected 3,6,7,9,10 . Reported male‐to‐female ratios range from 5:1 to 1.3:1 2,3,6 .…”

Cutaneous manifestations of neurological diseases: review of neuro‐pathophysiology and diseases causing pruritus

“…A combination of processes (disk protrusion, osteophyte formation, facet subluxation and interarcuate ligament hypertrophy or prolapse) may encroach on the cauda equina at the level of the L7‐S1 disk and/or foramen 37 . German shepherd dogs have an increased risk 38 . The most consistent finding in patients with chronic lumbo‐sacral disease is pain in the lumbo‐sacral area.…”

“…37 German shepherd dogs have an increased risk. 38 The most consistent finding in patients with chronic lumbo-sacral disease is pain in the lumbo-sacral area. Lumbo-sacral hyperaesthesia, pruritus and/or self-inflicted lesions of the hindlimb are frequent.…”