Lumbar muscularity and its relationship with age, occupation and low back pain

Savage, RA; Millerchip, R.; Whitehouse, G. H.; Edwards, R. H. T.

doi:10.1007/bf00233859

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Previously this information had been obtained from cadaveric studies [3,22] and computed tomography [23]. More recently, MRI has been used to gather such information [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the lumbar spine and low back pain, age and occupation in males

1997

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The purpose of this study was to undertake a critical review of the potential role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of low back pain (LBP) and to determine if there were differences in the MRI appearances between various occupational groups. The study group, 149 working men (78 aged 20-30 years and 71 aged 31-58 years) from five different occupations (car production workers, ambulance men, office staff, hospital porters and brewery draymen), underwent MRI of the lumbar spine. Thirty-four percent of the subjects had never experienced LBR Twelve months later, the examination was repeated on 89 men. Age-related differences were seen in the MRI appearances of the lumbar spine. Disc degeneration was most common at L5/S 1 and was significantly more prevalent (P < 0.01) in the older age group (52%) than in the younger age group (27%). Although LBP was more prevalent in the older subjects there was no relationship between LBP and disc degeneration. No differences in the MRI appearance of the lumbar spine were observed between the five occupational groups. Overall, 45% had 'abnormal' lumbar spines (evidence of disc degeneration, disc bulging or protrusion, facet hypertrophy, or nerve root compression). There was not a clear relationship between the MRI appearance of the lumbar spine and LBR Thirtytwo percent of asymptomatic subjects had 'abnormal' lumbar spines and 47% of all the subjects who had experienced LBP had 'normal' lumbar spines. During the 12-month follow-up period, 13 subjects experienced LBP for the first time. However, there was no change in the MRI appearances of their lumbar spines that could account for the onset of LBR Although MRI is an excellent technique for evaluating the lumbar spine, this study shows that it does not provide a suitable pre-employment screening technique capable of identifying those at risk of LBR

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“…Previously this information had been obtained from cadaveric studies [3,22] and computed tomography [23]. More recently, MRI has been used to gather such information [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the lumbar spine and low back pain, age and occupation in males

1997

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“…However, increased back strength is not necessarily associated with the prevention of LBP. Some studies have reported no advantage of trunk strengthening (33) or lumbar muscularity (41) in the prevention of LBP. Yet, increased back strength may provide some protection from LBP when greater forces are needed for the task (11).…”

Section: Trunk Strengthening With Instability Resistance Exercisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Instability With Resistance Training

Behm

Anderson

2006

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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There are many instances in daily life and sport in which force must be exerted when an individual performing the task is in an unstable condition. Instability can decrease the externally-measured force output of a muscle while maintaining high muscle activation. The high muscle activation of limbs and trunk when unstable can be attributed to the increased stabilization functions. The increased stress associated with instability has been postulated to promote greater neuromuscular adaptations, such as decreased cocontractions, improved coordination, and confidence in performing a skill. In addition, high muscle activation with less stress on joints and muscles could also be beneficial for general musculoskeletal health and rehabilitation. However, the lower force output may be detrimental to absolute strength gains when resistance training. Furthermore, other studies have reported increased cocontractions with unstable training. The positive effects of instability resistance training on sports performance have yet to be quantified. The examination of the literature suggests that when implementing a resistance training program for musculoskeletal health or rehabilitation, both stable and unstable exercises should be included to ensure an emphasis on both higher force (stable) and balance (unstable) stressors to the neuromuscular system.

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“…Muscle PCSA was changed based on coefficient of variation of muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in four studies ( Savage et al, 1991 ; Frantz Pressler et al, 2006 ; Kamaz et al, 2007 ; Fortin et al, 2015 ). From ( Frantz Pressler et al, 2006 ), the average of all participants was used, and average coefficient of variation of left and right muscle was calculated (0.14).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating sources for variability in volunteer kinematics in a braking maneuver, a sensitivity analysis with an active human body model

Larsson,

Iraeus,

Davidsson

2023

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Occupant kinematics during evasive maneuvers, such as crash avoidance braking or steering, varies within the population. Studies have tried to correlate the response to occupant characteristics such as sex, stature, age, and BMI, but these characteristics explain no or very little of the variation. Therefore, hypothesis have been made that the difference in occupant response stems from voluntary behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect from other sources of variability: in neural delay, in passive stiffness of fat, muscle tissues and skin, in muscle size and in spinal alignment, as a first step towards explaining the variability seen among occupants in evasive maneuvers. A sensitivity analysis with simulations of the SAFER Human Body Model in braking was performed, and the displacements from the simulations were compared to those of volunteers. The results suggest that the head and torso kinematics were most sensitive to spinal alignment, followed by muscle size. For head and torso vertical displacements, the range in model kinematics was comparable to the range in volunteer kinematics. However, for forward displacements, the included parameters only explain some of the variability seen in the volunteer experiment. To conclude, the results indicate that the variation in volunteer vertical kinematics could be partly attributed to the variability in human characteristics analyzed in this study, while these cannot alone explain the variability in forward kinematics. The results can be used in future tuning of HBMs, and in future volunteer studies, when further investigating the potential causes of the large variability seen in occupant kinematics in evasive maneuvers.

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Lumbar muscularity and its relationship with age, occupation and low back pain

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

The relationship between the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the lumbar spine and low back pain, age and occupation in males

The relationship between the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the lumbar spine and low back pain, age and occupation in males

The Role of Instability With Resistance Training

Investigating sources for variability in volunteer kinematics in a braking maneuver, a sensitivity analysis with an active human body model

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