Ludwig Wittgenstein: Language-Game and Religious Belief

Abstract

Abstract. Wittgenstein’s new understanding of meaning as use has far reaching implications in religion and religious belief. The meaningfulness of language does not depend on the referent but on the actual use of it in the human context. The variety of language uses makes religious language legitimate, and the social character of language makes clear the role of training in religious belief. The characteristic features of religious belief can be summarized as follows: It is an unshakable commitment devoid of evidences and arguments, and it is reasonable only within its framework and grounded on the religious form of life. The rituals that are part of religious beliefs are symbolic and expressive. The existential concerns of human beings reveal a common spiritual nature enabling us to understand other religions and cultures as mirrored in our own humanity.

Religious Education's Relevance in Nigeria's Tertiary Institutions

“…It exposes students to many cultures and faiths via lessons on tales, people, places, and eras of historical significance, as well as artefacts and beliefs that are part of everyday life and society. Students learn about their rights and duties and the necessity of interfaith communication, and broaden their understanding of faiths, beliefs, and diversity (Ottuh & Jemegbe, 2020;Ottuh & Idjakpo, 2020). Religious education teaches people to cherish variety and encourages intercultural understanding and respect.…”

Changing Mindset and Using of Language Game on Nawal Sa'dawi’s Al-Mar'ah wa al-Jins: A Perspective of Ludwig Wittgenstein

“…So far, literature studies that discuss language games tend to focus on patterns of particular interest and rely on three perspectives, namely: (1) constitutional texts and political language have language game rules with normative, factual characters, and play in language logic, even some of them contain pretense, so that they have a great influence, especially in the democratic system (Hartini, 2019;Salazar, 2021;Wilujeng, 2013); (2) the comedians use language games to be funny and attract the audience. This language game found deviations from pragmatic principles, namely the principle of politeness and irony language style (Lilaifi, 2019); (3) language games are used as an effective translation methodology in children's short stories (Sulistyowati, 2015); and (4) language games in da'wah texts and religious interests have broad implications, including attracting listeners' interest (Amanullah, 2021;Firdausiyah & Fikri, 2021;Ottuh & Idjakpo, 2020).…”