Lubrication of Aluminum Rolling by Oil-in-Water Emulsions

Schmid, Steven R.; Wilson, W. R. D.

doi:10.1080/10402009508983428

Cited by 55 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Some authors have tried to explain the high speed behaviour using the dynamic concentration theory [13,15]. This theory was firstly introduced by Wilson et al [16,17] and applied in subsequent work [18,19]. The basic assumption of the dynamic concentration model is that the oil is preferentially entrained into the inlet zone due to its relatively high viscosity and piezoviscous effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of emulsifier concentration on the lubricating properties of oil-in-water emulsions

et al. 2006

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Although the use of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions as metalworking fluids is widespread, the mechanisms of emulsion lubrication are not yet well understood. Several theories have been proposed but there is not a clear agreement about the effect of different operating conditions and emulsion properties on the lubricating performance of O/W emulsions. In the present study, the film forming ability of O/W emulsions as a function of emulsifier concentration is studied. The emulsifier content exerts a strong influence on all the emulsion properties, such as stability, droplet size distribution, surface and interfacial tension, wetting ability, etc., as well as on the lubricating behaviour, so it has been used to ascertain the relationship between all the properties involved. Three different emulsifiers-anionic, nonionic and cationic-were used at different concentrations in the design of lubricant O/W emulsions. Experimental results show that the work of adhesion of oil droplets on the metal surface is a valuable parameter to predict the ability of emulsions to form thick films in elastohydrodynamic (EHD) contacts. The influence of pH value of O/W emulsions on their lubricating behaviour is also verified. The overall conclusion is that the interactions between metal and oil droplets rule the mechanism of lubrication and that this interaction is primarily controlled by emulsifier concentration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of emulsifier concentration on the lubricating properties of oil-in-water emulsions

et al. 2006

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“…Overviews of studies and modelling of emulsion lubrication in metal forming are contained in [135,180]. Direct observations showed that some oil particles, especially the smaller ones, approaching the inlet zone were subsequently rejected, whereas the larger ones would be entrained [144,145,214].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Emulsion Lubricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally benign tribo-systems for metal forming

et al. 2010

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The growing awareness of environmental issues and the requirements to establish solutions diminishing the impact on working environment as well as external environment has initiated ever increasing efforts to develop new, environmentally benign tribological systems for metal forming. The present paper gives an overview of these efforts substituting environmentally hazardous lubricants in cold, warm and hot forging as well as sheet forming and punching/blanking by new, less harmful lubricants and furthermore describes other more generic measures directed towards the same goal such as development of anti-seizure tool materials and coatings and application of structured workpiece and tool surfaces.

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“…It has been generally accepted that O/W emulsions show a lubricating behaviour similar to the component oil at mild operating conditions due to an oil pool forming at the interface [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, at high pressures or velocities, this oil pool seems to disappear and emulsions lose their lubricating ability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It has been suggested that O/W emulsions must wet the metal surface to form thick lubricant films [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Oil droplet size, stability and viscosity of the emulsion may also affect lubrication efficiency [8][9][10][11]. All these properties depend to a great extent on the type and concentration of emulsifier used in the formulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%