Lubricating oil influence on exhaust hydrocarbon emissions from a gasoline fueled engine

Effects of an anti-wear oil additive on the size distribution, morphology, and nanostructure of diesel exhaust particles

“…T307 is a kind of popular anti-wear additive used in oils. To investigate the impact of the anti-wear additive more clearly, the proportion of additive was increased compared to normal operating conditions, as suggested by former studies [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Previous work has shown that the cylinder pressure was similar to that experienced in normal conditions when 0.5% wt anti-wear additive was dosed into diesel [28].…”

“…Recommendations from these studies include the introduction of common rails, direct injection systems, multi-injection strategies, and the development of after-treatment devices and alternative fuels [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Some studies also show that the kind of lubricating oil used can impact the combustion process and affect the particle emissions from both gasoline and diesel engines [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Because the oil consumption rate is substantially lower than the fuel consumption rate, it is difficult to distinguish the impact of the lubricating oil alone.…”

Henry's constants for ethanol, iso‐octane and gasoline absorption in engine lubricants

“…The heavy HC components of gasoline reduce its Henry's constant in comparison with iso‐octane (Figure ), as heavier HC fuels show increasing solubility in the lubricant . The lower solubility of hydrous ethanol in the lubricant, in comparison with gasoline, is expected to decrease unburned HC production through the absorption/desorption process . In fact, it has been reported that exhaust HC emissions from ethanol‐fuelled engines are decreased in comparison with gasoline‐fuelled engines under similar operating conditions .…”

“…The literature does not report previous investigation for the determination of Henry's constant for those substances. The lubricating oil samples used in the experiments are of the same classification as those used by Albuquerque et al ., who showed their relevance for raw exhaust HC emissions.…”

Role of sliding-induced tribofilms on fracture of particles in aluminium–silicon alloys

“…The counterface used was an AISI 52100 grade steel ball with 6 mm diameter. Synthetic grade engine oil, SAE 5W30, was used as lubrication oil with the viscosity of approximately 11.5 cSt at 100 1C [25]. The lubrication condition was determined by calculating the ratio (l) of minimum lubrication film thickness (h min ) to the composite surface roughness (r n ) of the contacting bodies according to Eqs.…”