Lubricating Aspects of Automotive Fuels

Lois, E.; Arkoudeas, Panagiotis

doi:10.5772/48552

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These are essential to the accurate quantification of the fuel injection and play a key role to the optimization of the engine performance for high efficiency and low fuel consumption. Consequently, the high fuel lubricity is particularly important for the unproblematic engine operation with minimal wear [219,220]. The lubricity of a diesel fuel can be estimated experimentally through the High Frequency Reciprocating Ring (HFRR) method according to the ASTM D6079 standard.…”

Section: Green Diesel Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Diesel: Biomass Feedstocks, Production Technologies, Catalytic Research, Fuel Properties and Performance in Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines

et al. 2019

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The present investigation provides an overview of the current technology related to the green diesel, from the classification and chemistry of the available biomass feedstocks to the possible production technologies and up to the final fuel properties and their effect in modern compression ignition internal combustion engines. Various biomass feedstocks are reviewed paying attention to their specific impact on the production of green diesel. Then, the most prominent production technologies are presented such as the hydro-processing of triglycerides, the upgrading of sugars and starches into C15–C18 saturated hydrocarbons, the upgrading of bio-oil derived by the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic materials and the “Biomass-to-Liquid” (BTL) technology which combines the production of syngas (H2 and CO) from the gasification of biomass with the production of synthetic green diesel through the Fischer-Tropsch process. For each of these technologies the involved chemistry is discussed and the necessary operation conditions for the maximum production yield and the best possible fuel properties are reviewed. Also, the relevant research for appropriate catalysts and catalyst supports is briefly presented. The fuel properties of green diesel are then discussed in comparison to the European and US Standards, to petroleum diesel and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and, finally their effect on the compression ignition engines are analyzed. The analysis concludes that green diesel is an excellent fuel for combustion engines with remarkable properties and significantly lower emissions.

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Section: Green Diesel Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Diesel: Biomass Feedstocks, Production Technologies, Catalytic Research, Fuel Properties and Performance in Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines

et al. 2019

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“…As an example, at a temperature of 25 C, Knothe and Steidley [236] obtained friction values (without indicated units) for petrodiesel (without additives) and vegetable based biodiesel of 0.238 and 0.117, respectively. Several factors influence the lubricity of petrodiesel, such as viscosity, acidity, water and sulfur contents [237]. Some studies on biodiesel production from microalgae obtained relatively high sulfur contents (69 ppm) [146]c o m p a r e dt o American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard (15 ppm) [214].…”

Section: Lubricitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel from microalgae lipids: from inorganic carbon to energy production

et al. 2017

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Following the United Nations Conference on Climate Change, COP21 (Paris, France), several countries have attempted to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. In order to reach this objective, microalgae could be used to capture carbon dioxide and transform it into a biomass composed essentially of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins. Moreover, cultivating microalgae does not require arable land, in opposition to several oleaginous plants used to produce biofuels. Despite the fact that microalgae could be transformed into several biofuels such as bioethanol (by fermentation of hydrocarbons) and biomethane (by anaerobic digestion), transforming lipids into biodiesel could allow the reduction of oil-based diesel consumption. However, microalgae biodiesel production costs remain high for a short-term commercialization. The microalgae lipids can be transesterified into biodiesel in the presence of catalysts (homogeneous or heterogeneous). In order to commercialize biodiesel from microalgae, biodiesel physicochemical properties must respect the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The aim of the study was to describe the current technologies available to produce biodiesel from microalgae. Microalgae compositionMicroalgae are composed of four main components: lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids [37]. CarbohydratesCarbohydrates are structural material, with a metabolic function, of the microalga, which can be found as starch, polysaccharides, monosaccharides (like glucose) and more [38,39]. Concerning biofuels, one of the main interests of carbohydrates is to use microalgal glucose and transform it by fermentation into bioethanol with a yield up to 50 wt% (compared to the total carbohydrates) for Chlorococcum humicola microalgae (a 100%

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Protection of Metal Surfaces in Fuel Systems

2022

Fuel Additives

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Lubricating Aspects of Automotive Fuels

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Green Diesel: Biomass Feedstocks, Production Technologies, Catalytic Research, Fuel Properties and Performance in Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines

Green Diesel: Biomass Feedstocks, Production Technologies, Catalytic Research, Fuel Properties and Performance in Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines

Biodiesel from microalgae lipids: from inorganic carbon to energy production

Protection of Metal Surfaces in Fuel Systems

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