Lubricant ash particles in diesel engine exhaust. Literature review and modelling study

Tornehed, Petter; Olofsson, Ulf

doi:10.1177/0954407011402754

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The effect of lubricant oil on the combustion and particle emissions have already been found in engines [25,26]. Based on this explanation, it seems that PLCD should have higher metal content than PTCD because it is derived from the oil directly, which is totally opposite to the present results.…”

Section: Elemental Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 58%

Thermal and elemental analysis of the combustion chamber deposits in a large-scale two-stroke marine diesel engine

Zhang

Zeng

Sun

et al. 2015

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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It is of significance to understand the chemical content of carbon deposits in the large-scale two-stroke (LSTS) marine diesel engine because of adverse effect on the engine performance, oil consumption and emissions. In this work, two different combustion chamber deposits in an LSTS marine diesel engine were studied using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), elemental analysis (EA) and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF). One was on the piston top and the other on the piston land, termed PTCD and PLCD, respectively. For the PTCD sample, the 97% residue in the TGA and 1.4% carbon content in the EA indicated the main compositions of PTCD were metal salts or oxides and ashes, significantly different from the previous findings of the highest carbon content in deposits from the small four stroke engines. The different chemical content between PTCD and PLCD implied higher thermal load in the LSTS marine diesel engine led to a nearly complete thermal decomposition of PTCD. The higher calcium content in PTCD and PLCD indicated the additives of cylinder oil should be the main source of metal content of PTCD and PLCD. Calcium distribution in the SXRF results was indicative of the potential layered structure in PTCD and PLCD. In addition, the appearance of iron on the surface against the piston in PTCD and PLCD indicated iron oxides formation between carbon deposit and piston materials. combustion chamber deposits, thermogravimetry analysis, elemental analysis, marine diesel engine, synchrotron X-ray fluorescence spectrometry Citation:Zhang X S, Zeng X M, Sun X C, et al. Thermal and elemental analysis of the combustion chamber deposits in a large-scale two-stroke marine diesel engine.

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Section: Elemental Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 58%

Thermal and elemental analysis of the combustion chamber deposits in a large-scale two-stroke marine diesel engine

Zhang

Zeng

Sun

et al. 2015

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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“…Figure 4 shows an example of a truck plume where signals for these species were particularly strong and readily discernible above both background signals and SP-AMS instrument noise. Emission mechanisms for lubricating oil include volatilization of oil components at high temperatures and liquid oil emissions (Tornehed and Olofsson, 2011). In Fig.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Diesel Exhaust Pmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of particulate matter emissions from on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles using a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Particulate matter (PM) emissions were measured in July 2010 from on-road motor vehicles driving through a highway tunnel in the San Francisco Bay area. A soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was used to measure the chemical composition of PM emitted by gasoline and diesel vehicles at high time resolution. Organic aerosol (OA) and black carbon (BC) concentrations were measured during various time periods that had different levels of diesel influence, as well as directly in the exhaust plumes of individual heavy-duty (HD) diesel trucks. BC emission factor distributions for HD trucks were more skewed than OA distributions (N = 293), with the highest 10% of trucks accounting for 56 and 42% of total measured BC and OA emissions, respectively. OA mass spectra measured for HD truck exhaust plumes show cycloalkanes are predominate in exhaust OA emissions relative to saturated alkanes (i.e., normal and iso-paraffins), suggesting that lubricating oil rather than fuel is the dominant source of primary organic aerosol (POA) emissions in diesel vehicle exhaust. This finding is supported by the detection of trace elements such as zinc and phosphorus in the exhaust plumes of individual trucks. Trace elements were emitted relative to total OA at levels that are consistent with typical weight fractions of commonly used additives present in lubricating oil. A comparison of measured OA and BC mass spectra across various sampling periods revealed a high degree of similarity in OA and BC emitted by gasoline and diesel engines. This finding indicates a large fraction of OA in gasoline exhaust is lubricant-derived as well. The similarity in OA and BC mass spectra for gasoline and diesel engine exhaust is likely to confound ambient source apportionment efforts to determine contributions to air pollution from these two important sources.

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“…In a literature review, Tornehed and Olofsson 27 found that the sources 32–35 agreed that, with today’s technology, the main contributor to ash emissions was the ash in the lubrication oil; other possible sources for ash emissions were:…”

Section: Oil Ash Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ash emissions are modelled proportional to oil consumption and oil ash content according to the findings of Bardasz et al 36 and Givens et al 37 Ash transfer rates (defined as ash emissions divided by oil consumption and ash level) reported in the literature have been summarized by Tornehed and Olofsson 27 and range from 20% to 70%.…”

Section: Oil Ash Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling lubrication oil particle emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines

Tornehed

Olofsson

2012

International Journal of Engine Research

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The impact of lubrication oil on particle exhaust emissions has attracted increasing attention as emissions of fuel-derived particles have been reduced. This paper presents a model for assessing the oil-related exhaust particle emissions of heavy-duty diesel engines. The model contains four sub-models describing the hydrocarbon, ash, carbon and sulphate particles. All sub-models were developed based on the results of a literature review, complemented by controlled engine tests to fill the knowledge gaps and verify assumptions where necessary. Exhaust after-treatment devices, such as diesel particulate filters, are not included in the model at this stage; in engines equipped with such devices, the modelling results could be used to assess the input of oil-related particulate matter into the exhaust after-treatment system or serve as a basis for further development. The modelling results indicate that the contribution of oil to airborne exhaust particles is substantial under low-load and motoring conditions. Reducing oil consumption is an effective way to reduce oil-related particle emissions.

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Lubricant ash particles in diesel engine exhaust. Literature review and modelling study

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Thermal and elemental analysis of the combustion chamber deposits in a large-scale two-stroke marine diesel engine

Thermal and elemental analysis of the combustion chamber deposits in a large-scale two-stroke marine diesel engine

Characterization of particulate matter emissions from on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles using a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer

Modelling lubrication oil particle emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines

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