Lu-177 preparation for radiotherapy application

A Step-by-Step Guide for the Novel Radiometal Production for Medical Applications: Case Studies with 68Ga, 44Sc, 177Lu and 161Tb

“…The production of n.c.a. 161 Tb takes place with the irradiation of enriched 160 Gd via the 160 Gd(n,γ) 161 Gd→ 161 Tb nuclear reaction. 159 Tb is the only stable isotope of terbium, therefore, a direct production route is not an option to produce 161 Tb.…”

“…161 Tb was also investigated via deuteron-induced reactions ( 160 Gd(d, x) 161 Tb) over a wide energy range up to 50 MeV, using the stacked-foil technique and high-resolution γ-spectrometry [47]. Nevertheless, it was reported that, even when using 160 Gd enriched targets, the radionuclidic purity of the final product cannot be high due to the co-production of 160 Tb. 161 Tb has not yet been listed on the dangerous goods tables of the ADR (European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road) and International Air Transport Agency (IATA) regulations, which are based on IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) recommendations.…”

“…Several methods have been proposed in the literature for the separation of 177 Lu from Yb [156][157][158][159][160][161]. Kuznetsov et al, reviewed the separation of Lu and Yb by reduction of Yb with sodium amalgam and subsequent developments [19].…”

Radiochemical processing of nuclear-reactor-produced radiolanthanides for medical applications

“…Irradiation parameters have to be well chosen to obtain a high production yield for 153 Sm with limited ingrowth of 154 Eu if additional purification steps have to be avoided. In some irradiated targets, also the long-lived 152 Eu (t 1/2 = 13.537 y) and 156 Eu (t 1/2 = 15.19 d) are found in trace amounts.…”

Radiometals for imaging and theranostics, current production, and future perspectives

“…Horwitz et al proposed using extraction chromatography on DGA (or N,N,N’,N’‐tetra‐n‐octyldiglycolamide) resin . Other sorbents, such as the organo‐ceramic hybrid material containing a phosphate group (Sol‐POS), have also been proposed, providing separation yields of around 78% . However, the most efficient seems to be the method based on the on combination of galvanostatic extraction of Yb, followed by cation‐exchange chromatography from α‐hydroxyisobutyrate solutions on BioRad AG®50W‐X8 resin …”