<title>Visual comfort/discomfort and visual fatigue caused by stereoscopic HDTV viewing</title>

Abstract

The problems associated with watching stereoscopic HDTV have been classified into three groups, one of which is how natural/unnatural stereoscopic pictures look to viewers. It is known that the shooting and viewing conditions affect the depth ofa stereoscopic image, and this depth distortion is a major factor influencing the viewer's stereoscopic perception. The second group concerns the visual comfortldiscomfort. Visual discomfort is caused by the difficulty of fusing left and right images because of excessive binocular parallax and its temporal changes. We have studied how visual comfort is affected by the range of parallax distribution and temporal parallax changes. The results show that stereoscopic images are comfortable to view for an angular parallax of up to about 60 minutes and that visual comfort is achieved if discontinuous temporal changes are angle of 60 minutes or less. The third group concerns visual fatigue that a viewer experiences after viewing a stereoscopic HDTV program, which is thought to be mainly caused by the mismatch between the eyes' convergence and accommodation. We confirmed that, after observing stereoscopic images for about an hour, the fusion range diminishes and the viewer's visual functions deteriorate as a result.

3D Visual Discomfort Predictor: Analysis of Disparity and Neural Activity Statistics

“…The authors of [23] and [24] report experimental studies on the effect of excessive horizontal disparity on visual comfort. Diplopia (double vision) begins when horizontal disparity exceeds Panum's fusional area, thereby causing visual discomfort [25].…”

The Extraction of Depth Discontinuities Using Disparity Map for Human Visual Fatigue

“…depth discontinuity pixels occur at the right of occluded pixels in the left image and at the left of occluded pixels in the right image in stereoscopy. (1,0), (2,1), (6,2), (7,3), (8,4), (9,5), (10,6), (11,9), (12,10), (13.11…”

“…Equation (3) shows the interpolation of the pixel in the hole with the nearest neighbor pixels. The pixel v is a pixel in the hole, x 1 , x 2 , y 1 , y 2 are pixels in the boundary which meets horizontally and vertically extended line.…”

Evaluation Model of the Visual Fatigue on the 3D Stereoscopic Video

“…[3] described the effects of the range of parallax distribution and temporal parallax changes. [4] showed the relationship between convergence eye movement and the accommodation function, and evaluate the visual fatigue both degree of parallax and amount of motion in stereoscopic image.…”