<title>Underwater Range Gated Photography</title>

Abstract

Underwater optical range-gating, designed to extend the maximum range of underwater photography, has been demonstrated in a series of experiments conducted at the NOTS Morris Dam Test Range. With black tape on Scotchlite being used as a target. comparison photographs of gated and non -gated exposures showed promising improvement in the clarity of the gated pictures. This was attributable to the elimination of most of the backscattered light.

Underwater Optical Imaging: Key Technologies and Applications Review

“…Range-gated technique was proposed by Heckman [27] in the 1960s, due to its effectiveness in eliminating the effect of backscattered light and in obtaining depth information of the target, it has become the main means to achieve long-range detection in harsh environments such as fog, dust, and underwater.…”

Backscattering phenomena on range-gated imaging in short-range turbid water media

“…Range-gated imaging systems have been developed since the 1960s [29], [30]. The core contributions to the range-gated imaging systems are mainly due to the advances in laser and intensifier gated semiconductor cameras [2] in the later years.…”

“…Some of the researchers used real seawater to simulate the turbid condition. Heckman [30] used natural turbid water in his experiments, and filter the water to achieve the required turbidity in 1969. Gilbert et al [174] studied the major difference between the laser and ordinary incoherent light in lake waters.…”