&lt;title&gt;Switchable-focus lenses in holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal&lt;/title&gt;

Domash, Lawrence H.; Chen, Tony; Gomatam, Badri N.; Gozewski, Conrad M.; Sutherland, Richard L.; Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Bunning, Timothy J.; Adams, W. Wade

doi:10.1117/12.239623

Cited by 56 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the 1990's, Dorschner and Resler 14 patented an optical phased-array beam steerer, in which the well-known phased-array technology used in microwave radar is adopted to the optical frequency domain. 15 The similar controllable blazed-grating concept was also demonstrated by Schulze and Reden 8 and Williams et al 9 Sutherland and Natarajan 16 and Domash et al 10 also implemented this type of switching concept by using polymer-dispersed LC's. In this paper we propose and demonstrate a LC beam steerer that uses custom-fabricated blazed grating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…4 Recently there have been several nonmechanical beam-steering devices developed by different research groups. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] With its low driving voltage and mature ͑low-cost͒ fabrication technology, liquid-crystal ͑LC͒ technology seems to be an excellent candidate for beam-steering devices. The effort in the development of LC beam deflectors can be traced back to the early 1970's.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

<title>Liquid crystal blazed grating beam deflector</title>

Wang

Wilson

Muller

et al. 1998

Advanced Optical Memories and Interfaces to Computer Storage

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A transmission-type nonmechanical multiple-angle beam-steering device that uses liquid-crystal blazed grating has been developed. Sixteen steering angles with a contrast ratio of 18 has been demonstrated. A detailed analysis of the liquid-crystal and poly͑methyl methacrylate͒ blazed-grating deflector was carried out to provide guidance during the deflector's development. A manufacturing offset compensation technique is proposed to improve the device's performance greatly. A hybrid approach utilizing electrically generated blazed grating combined with the cascading approach described here yields in excess of 500 deflecting angles.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Liquid crystal blazed grating beam deflector</title>

Wang

Wilson

Muller

et al. 1998

Advanced Optical Memories and Interfaces to Computer Storage

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…also been proposed for phoropters in a patent by Quaglia in 1995 [27] and later in 2010 by the group of Peyghambarian [28]. In 1996, an LC diffractive-optic E-Lens had been designed [29] and in 2006, the Peyghambarian group suggested the use of the LC diffractive-optic E-Lens for eye exams to measure eye refractive power change [30]. In 2003, a team from Lawrence Livermore National Lab demonstrated an adaptive optics phoropter where a Shack-Hartmann sensor was used to measure the aberrations of the eye and an LC SLM was used to compensate these eye aberrations [31].…”

Section: History Of Electronic Lenses In Human Vision Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Eye Vision Testing System and Eyewear Using Micromachines

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Proposed is a novel eye vision testing system based on micromachines that uses micro-optic, micromechanic, and microelectronic technologies. The micromachines include a programmable micro-optic lens and aperture control devices, pico-projectors, Radio Frequency (RF), optical wireless communication and control links, and energy harvesting and storage devices with remote wireless energy transfer capabilities. The portable lightweight system can measure eye refractive powers, optimize light conditions for the eye under testing, conduct color-blindness tests, and implement eye strain relief and eye muscle exercises via time sequenced imaging. A basic eye vision test system is built in the laboratory for near-sighted (myopic) vision spherical lens refractive error correction. Refractive error corrections from zero up to´5.0 Diopters and´2.0 Diopters are experimentally demonstrated using the Electronic-Lens (E-Lens) and aperture control methods, respectively. The proposed portable eye vision test system is suited for children's eye tests and developing world eye centers where technical expertise may be limited. Design of a novel low-cost human vision corrective eyewear is also presented based on the proposed aperture control concept. Given its simplistic and economical design, significant impact can be created for humans with vision problems in the under-developed world.

show abstract

“…Principle and application of PDLC systems have been extensively studied. [8][9][10][11][12][13] An important role of LC is the response against electric field in the formed gratings, which makes it possible to be applied as display devices, 14-16 switchable lenses, 17,18 and wave-guided switches. 19 In these systems, control of the morphology of the LC droplets in a photo-polymerized matrix, which depends on the LC content, the cure rate, and compatibility among the components, is the key to develop high performance holographic films with controllable and repeatable electro-optic performances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Holographic Gratings Using Siloxane-containing Liquid Crystalline Compounds. Importance of Chemical Structure of Polymer Matrix Components

Cho

Kawakami

2006

Polym J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:Siloxane-containing liquid crystalline compounds were found effective to induce distinct phase separation, when combined with multi-functional acrylates, over a wide concentration range from 6 wt % to 20 wt % in the formation of holographic gratings. Use of ring-opening polymerizable bi-functional epoxides as one of the reactive cross-linking matrix component together with penta-or tetra acrylate initiated by 3,3 0 -carbonylbis(7-diethylaminocoumarin)-diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate greatly improved the diffraction efficiency and angular selectivity of the formed grating. Fine gratings with 70% and 78% diffraction efficiency and angular selectivity of about 5were formed with 10 wt % 4-cyano-4 0 -{(5-heptamethyltrisiloxan-1-yl)pentyloxy} biphenyl and 4-cyanophenyl 4-{(5-heptamethyltrisiloxan-1-yl)pentyloxy}benzoate using pentaerythrytol pentaacrylate-neopentylglycol diglycidyl ether-tripropylene glycol diacrylate (4:5:1) as the polymer matrix component. Since holographic storage enables fast data transfer rates by simultaneous writing and reading, an upsurge of interest in optical holography has been noticed in the past decade. Photopolymers and polymer dispersed liquid crystals have been mainly investigated for holographic storage systems. Kawabata reported the holographic recording based on photopolymer system. 1 R. L. Sutherland 2-7 proposed a grating formation via the phase separation of liquid crystal (LC) during the photo-polymerization irradiated by two coherent interfering laser beams. Grating was formed as a refractive index-modulated interference fringe pattern of stratified alternating layers of LC and polymer (holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal, HPDLC). Principle and application of PDLC systems have been extensively studied. [8][9][10][11][12][13] An important role of LC is the response against electric field in the formed gratings, which makes it possible to be applied as display devices, 14-16 switchable lenses, 17,18 and wave-guided switches. 19 In these systems, control of the morphology of the LC droplets in a photo-polymerized matrix, which depends on the LC content, the cure rate, and compatibility among the components, is the key to develop high performance holographic films with controllable and repeatable electro-optic performances.For HPDLC systems, the principal role of LC is to phase-separate by the diffusion during the polymerization of multi-functional monomer giving polymer matrix, and to give high modulation of the refractive index of the formed gratings. The phase separation is a balance between the rate of diffusion of LC and the rate of gelation of the polymer network dictated by the polymerization kinetics. In designing efficient holographic gratings, much attention has been focused mainly on the elucidation of the effects of functionality of photo-polymerizable monomers. [20][21][22][23] Little attention has been paid to the importance of the chemical structure. In our previous study, it was found that siloxane-containing epoxide monomers were effective fo...

show abstract

<title>Switchable-focus lenses in holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal</title>

Cited by 56 publications

References 0 publications

<title>Liquid crystal blazed grating beam deflector</title>

<title>Liquid crystal blazed grating beam deflector</title>

Eye Vision Testing System and Eyewear Using Micromachines

Transmission Holographic Gratings Using Siloxane-containing Liquid Crystalline Compounds. Importance of Chemical Structure of Polymer Matrix Components

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About