<title>Special photochrome material based on bacteriorhodopsin</title>

Study on the Long Lifetime of the M State in Chemically Modified Bacteriorhodopsin Film

“…Hence, the lifetime of 10 ms of the M state is too short for actual use, and methods for extending the M-state lifetime under ambient conditions continue to be a focus of investigations of BR materials. In the past two decades, a number of methods have been developed to extend the lifetime of the M state by changing the environment of BR (humidity, pH, temperature, chemical additive, − etc. ), modifying the structure of the molecule itself by genetic variants, , or replacing the retinal chromophore by a synthetic analogue .…”