<title>Search for chaotic output from a sigma-delta modulator: an archetypal retarded nonlinear system</title>

Abstract

One of the most common methods by which a non-linear physical system can be determined to be stable, globally unstable or in fact chaotic is by an investigation of its Lyapunov exponents. When the system in question can be represented by a set of ordinary differential equations the extraction of these exponents is straightforward. However, when the system contains a delay equation the correct co-ordinate space for the system is infinite dimensional. In this case special techniques must be used to make the problem solvable by numerical methods. 194

The benefits of multibit chaotic sigma delta modulation

“…1 Recent work has concentrated on tone suppression, [2][3][4] multibit modulation, 5 and chaotic modulation. [6][7][8][9] In this paper, we investigate the behavior of chaotic modulators.…”